The History of Italian Mafia Annotated Bibliography

The History of Italian Mafia - Annotated Bibliography Example The History of Italian Mafia Pickering-lazzi, Robin â€Å"Mafia and bandit stories from Italian life and literature† Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2007. This is an assortment of writing by most noteworthy figures in the Italian writing field, a portion of the prestigious authors that have been remembered for the book are Livia De Stefani, Grazia Dekedda, Anna Maria Ortese, Silvana La Spina and Giovanni, Verga. The book likewise presents a portion of the acclaimed observers who have had direct involvement in the Italian Mafia in assisting with giving the gatherings beginning, development and exercises. The book gives an outline of the Italian points of view on the Mafia and wrongdoing covering the 1880’s and 1990’s. It covers parts of the legends of Italian Mafia’s that recognizes them as a gathering, the connection between the Mafia and the State, youngsters, ladies, the Catholic Church, unified powers during the Second World War among others. The creator diagrams key period since the beginning of the criminal gathering adopting an interesting strategy to the subject. He likewise focuses why it has been a test for the specialists to clear out this type of composed wrongdoing, one reason brought up in the book are the elevated level of mystery that exists inside the Mafia individuals. It likewise represents on how the Italian Mafia flourish and create within the sight of a frail and non popularity based government.

Help With Writing Your Essay

Help With Writing Your EssayMany times when a student struggles to write their essays it is because they need help. As a student I have worked with students who were so behind that they were making a complete fool of themselves in class. As a writer, you are probably not used to struggling so hard with your essay, but it is very possible.You have a natural tendency to believe that you can write your essay. The problem is that you may be so busy going through your notes or sending emails on the deadline that you may not be able to continue to write the way you should. If you don't know how to make that small adjustment in the process then you are likely to have to take even more time to get it done.You don't want to be left in a rut. Students struggle to write because they have a desire to be perfect, and think they need to do it all right to get better grades. It is important to remember that you will not get better grades if you don't write. Many students think that if they write we ll enough then they will be able to catch up.If you need help writing your essay, you need to start from scratch. This means that you will have to write your essay on your own. When you look at it this way you may be tempted to say that you would like to hire someone to write it for you, but if you try to write your essay on your own you will find that the time you spend trying to be perfect is money you could have been using for something else.Self-motivation is crucial to your success as a writer. I find that it is best to do whatever I can to write my essay by myself. My ability to keep working and going is due to the fact that I have given myself a daily task that I need to work on each day. You can learn to use self-motivation to help you do just that. Take the time each day to write your essay. It is best to spend at least half an hour each day writing your essay.After awhile you will be able to pick up the pace. Spend as much time as you need to write the essay and don't try to rush through it. This will make it easier for you to not only write your essay but to write it well.This method of writing is very powerful. When you practice it you will find that your writing power will increase. As a writer you want to get better and more confident, and the quickest way to get there is to learn to write your essay on your own.

What HeLa Cells Are and Why They Are Important

HeLa cells are the first immortal human cell line. The cell line grew from a sample of cervical cancer cells taken from an African-American woman named Henrietta Lacks on February 8, 1951. The lab assistant responsible for the samples named cultures based on the first two letters of a patients first and last name, thus the culture was dubbed HeLa. In 1953, Theodore Puck and Philip Marcus cloned HeLa (the first human cells to be cloned) and freely donated samples to other researchers. The cell lines initial use was in cancer research, but  HeLa cells have led to numerous medical breakthroughs and nearly 11,000 patents. Key Takeaways: HeLa Cells HeLa cells are the first immortal human cell line.The cells came from a cervical cancer sample obtained from Henrietta Lack in 1951, without her knowledge or permission.HeLa cells have led to many important scientific discoveries, yet there are disadvantages to working with them.HeLa cells have led to the examination of the ethical considerations of working with human cells. What It Means to Be Immortal Normally, human cell cultures die within a few days after a set number of cell divisions via a process called senescence. This presents a problem for researchers because experiments using normal cells cannot be repeated on identical cells (clones), nor can the same cells be used for extended study. Cell biologist George Otto Gey took one cell from Henrietta Lacks sample, allowed that cell to divide, and found the culture survived indefinitely if given nutrients and a suitable environment. The original cells continued to mutate. Now, there are many strains of HeLa, all derived from the same single cell. Researchers believe the reason HeLa cells dont suffer programmed death is because they maintain a version of the enzyme telomerase that prevents gradual shortening of the telomeres of chromosomes. Telomere shortening is implicated in aging and death. Notable Achievements Using HeLa Cells HeLa cells have been used to test the effects of radiation, cosmetics, toxins, and other chemicals on human cells. They have been instrumental in gene mapping and studying human diseases, especially cancer. However, the most significant application of HeLa cells may have been in the development of the first polio vaccine. HeLa cells were used to maintain a culture of polio virus in human cells. In 1952, Jonas Salk tested his polio vaccine on these cells and used them to mass-produce it. Disadvantages of Using HeLa Cells While the HeLa cell line has led to amazing scientific breakthroughs, the cells can also cause problems. The most significant issue with HeLa cells is how aggressively they can contaminate other cell cultures in a laboratory. Scientists dont routinely test the purity of their cell lines, so HeLa had contaminated many in vitro lines (estimated 10 to 20 percent) before the problem was identified. Much of the research conducted on contaminated cell lines had to be thrown out. Some scientists refuse to allow HeLa in their labs in order to control the risk. Another problem with HeLa is that it doesnt have a normal human karyotype (the number and appearance of chromosomes in a cell). Henrietta Lacks (and other humans) have 46 chromosomes (diploid or a set of 23 pairs), while the HeLa genome consists of 76 to 80 chromosome (hypertriploid, including 22 to 25 abnormal chromosomes). The extra chromosomes came from the infection by human papilloma virus that led to cancer. While HeLa cells resemble normal human cells in many ways, they are neither normal nor entirely human. Thus, there are limitations to their use. Issues of Consent and Privacy The birth of the new field of biotechnology introduced ethical considerations. Some modern laws and policies arose from ongoing  issues surrounding HeLa cells. As was the norm at the time, Henrietta Lacks was not informed her cancer cells were going to be used for research. Years after the HeLa line had become popular, scientists took samples from other members of the Lacks family, but they did not explain the reason for the tests. In the 1970s, the Lacks family was contacted as scientists sought to understand the reason for the aggressive nature of the cells. They finally knew about HeLa. Yet, in 2013, German scientists mapped the entire HeLa genome and made it public, without consulting the Lacks family. Informing a patient or relatives about the use of samples obtained via medical procedures was not required in 1951, nor is it required today. The 1990 Supreme Court of California case of Moore v. Regents of the University of California ruled a persons cells are not his or her property and may be commercialized. Yet, the Lacks family did reach an agreement with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) regarding access to the HeLa genome. Researchers receiving funds from the NIH must apply for access to the data. Other researchers are not restricted, so data about the Lacks genetic code is not completely private. While human tissue samples continue to be stored, specimens are now identified by an anonymous code. Scientists and legislators continue to wrangle with questions of security and privacy, as genetic markers may lead to clues about an involuntary donors identity. References and Suggested Reading Capes-Davis A, Theodosopoulos G, Atkin I, Drexler HG, Kohara A, MacLeod RA, Masters JR, Nakamura Y, Reid YA, Reddel RR, Freshney RI (2010). Check your cultures! A list of cross-contaminated or misidentified cell lines.  Int. J. Cancer.  127  (1): 1–8.Masters, John R. (2002). HeLa cells 50  years on: The good, the bad and the ugly.  Nature Reviews Cancer.  2  (4): 315–319.Scherer, William F.; Syverton, Jerome T.; Gey, George O. (1953). Studies on the Propagation in Vitro of Poliomyelitis Viruses. J Exp Med (published May 1, 1953). 97 (5): 695–710.Skloot, Rebecca (2010). The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York: Crown/Random House.Turner, Timothy (2012). Development of the Polio Vaccine: A Historical Perspective of Tuskegee Universitys Role in Mass Production and Distribution of HeLa Cells.  Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved.  23  (4a): 5–10.

The Fundamental Roles Of Leadership And Organizational Change

The fundamental roles of leadership are to affect change and to enhance their follower decision and actions. According to Northouse (2013) leadership is defined as a process where an individual influence a group of individuals to achieve a common goal (p.5). Within my organization, my leadership approaches are prevalent to the mission, vision, and goals for the Los Angeles County, Child Support Services Department. In particular, my leadership role consists of supporting and achieving consensuses with the child support community. The decision I make on a daily basis should display positive leadership traits and characteristics, which includes understanding, identify and enhancing organizational effectiveness. For the purpose of this paper, I will synthesize, evaluate, and apply concepts theories and strategies relation to leadership and organizational change. Analysis Shortly after completing my graduate degree, I begin working in the Executive Office for the Child Support Services Department. I am currently holding the title of a Child Support Officer II; however, my duties consist of assisting the Special Assistant to the Director. Although I have been in this Department for only seven months, my overall growth and productivity skills as a leader has improved tremendously. The career opportunity has afforded me to travel to seminars, roundtable discussion, conference, and summits to collaborate with policy stakeholders. My experiences and services within this departmentShow MoreRelatedWomen s Organizational Effectiveness Leadership Styles873 Words   |  4 PagesFemales more than males embrace organizational effectiveness leadership styles. This is evident by the styles in motivation, expectation layout, rewards programs, and leadership enthusiasms (Zheng, 2015). 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Different leaderships styles affectRead MoreOrganizational Culture And Leadership : An Organization906 Words   |  4 PagesFavian Ramirez MGT 105 Professor Call Organizational Culture and Leadership Organizational culture and leadership both affect every day working lives, even if you notice it or not. There is no single definition for organizational culture but the concept consists of socially developed rules of conduct that are shared by members of an organization. Some researchers believe that many traits of an organization’s culture are so vague and general that even the members of the organization cannot accuratelyRead MoreMusic Games International ( Mgi )1692 Words   |  7 Pagestheir musical talents. Sasha, however, who ran business operations such as production, sales and marketing, was overwhelmed by being the sole businessperson in the company. Fundamental Management Problem†¨ Despite the fact that MGI had come up with a good idea for business, the lack of planning, organization, leadership and control presented a key management problem. When the time came to launch the product, the three friends were the only staff of the company. This presented a big problemRead MoreCreating Change An Organization Is Choosing The Best Leader1417 Words   |  6 Pagescreating change an organization is choosing the best leader to achieve realistic and dedicated changes. Within the realm of planned change, there is a process for implementing rewards, encouragement and motivation. Organizational change stands out amongst the most evident and sensational types of processes. It affects numerous people, including staff members, their families and entire communities. The intricacy and significant change in nature make a circumstance of high vulnerability in leadership. TheRead MoreOrganizational Change And Development Has A Large Impact On The Success Of An Organiza tion1484 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational change and development has a large impact on the success of an organization. â€Å"As modern organizations pursue changes to enhance their competitive positions and their survivability in competitive markets, the successful implementation of organizational change has become an important management task† (Chou, 2014, p. 49). The success of a change initiative in an organization is affected by several variables, however, there are three that might be considered paramount; communication, leadership

The Heroic Significance of Christ in The Dream of the Rood...

The Heroic Significance of Christ in The Dream of the Rood Incorporating traditional Anglo Saxon beliefs of heroism with the image of Christ on the cross allows the poet of The Dream of the Rood to effectively communicate the benefits of Christianity to pagan warriors. By comparing characteristics, duties, and treatment of heroes in Beowulf and the Battle of Maldon to the depiction of Christ in The Dream of the Rood, it becomes evident that the image of Christ is altered to mirror that of heroic warriors. Through this melding of heroic beliefs and Christianity, the poet of Rood is able to show how Christ can become the ultimate ring giver or Lord. Dominant characteristics of heroes in Beowulf and The Battle of Maldon revolve†¦show more content†¦The Christ depicted in this passage willingly accepts his battle on the cross and because of this act the poet then goes on to describe Christ as a warrior, strong, and stouthearted. Christ is not portrayed as a meek and humble man resigned to his task as savior and lord. Within this portion of the text, he becomes a bold warrior climbing the cross as if going into battle. At the end of the poem, the narrator looks to Christ and the cross for protection. Furthermore, the primary duty of a hero is to provide his kinsmen with great treasure and weaponry. Beowulf fulfills this duty by stating Behold this treasure #8230; that I have been allowed to leave my people#8230; (Beowulf 91) to Wiglaf after defeating the dragon. The warriors in The Battle of Maldon describe their Lord and hero as a treasure-giver, and also a ring-giver. The warriors in both of these texts reflect on all that their lords or heroes provide for them. It is through this gratification for material wealth that kinsmen feel so indebted to fighting for their lord. Wiglaf illustrates this concept when he remembers the bountiful gifts bestowed upon him (Beowulf 88) and finds that he could not hold back (Beowulf 88) from his lords side. Christ also fulfills this duty of a hero by bestowing many wonderful gifts and treasures upon any man who will follow Him faithfully. The treasures described in the poemShow MoreRelatedAn Assortment Of Heroism : Sir Gawain And The Gre en Knight1171 Words   |  5 PagesSteven Brent Bunn ENG 261-02 3/21/2016 Research Project An Assortment of Heroism Theme is essential to any great work of literature, and while the following are certainly very different tales, Sir Gawain and the Green Knight, Beowulf and The Dream of the Rood each have particularly strong themes of heroism, though, they each have their own distinct idea of what heroism is, their own flavor one might say. It is partly because of their strong themes and ideas that they are still well-known and readRead MoreAnglo-Saxon Heroic Poetry5673 Words   |  23 Pagesthe Heroic, the sources of which are pre-Christian Germanic myth, history and custom; and the Christian. Heroic, or Epic Poetry belongs to one of these two types and refers to long narrative poems celebrating the great deeds of one or more legendary heroes, in a grand, ceremonious style. In its strict use by literary critics, the terms Heroic Poetry or Epic are applied to a work that meets the following criteria: such a poem must be related in an elevated style, and centered upon a heroic or quasi-divineRead M oreThe Importance Of Heroism In Beowulf1073 Words   |  5 Pagespagan story with Christian overlays or a Christian story with pagan overtones, and these stances have been debated upon for a very long time. Nonetheless, the fact that the writer tries to hide a religious culture underneath another holds great significance. Religion only influences Beowulf because of its importance, its symbolic essentiality and the writer’s aim to a pass a message, creating a grim picture through characterization to his audience. Religious beliefs like Paganism, Christianity, TotemicRead MoreThe King of Kings2050 Words   |  8 PagesIn the Bible, Jesus Christ, the embodiment of the Christian God is described as the â€Å"King of Kings†. Christians since before the dream of Constantine have believed God and Christ constitute a ruler of the universe. Anglo-Saxon society perceived the Christian God in the mold of the pre-Christian Germanic tradition of kingship. The Anglo-Saxon percepti on of God as a king in the Germanic tradition has tremendous significance on late Anglo-Saxon politics. The inclusion of the Christian deity in the leadership

Emily Dickinson Presents Suffering free essay sample

After great pain a formal feeling comes’ and ‘I felt a funeral in my brain’ and ‘There’s a certain slant of light’- Throughout Dickinson’s poem ‘After great pain a formal feeling comes’ she attempts to communicate to the reader the nature of the suffering she is encountering that comes ‘after great pain’. This first line is the only abstract statement throughout the poem, to express that this is obviously not a physical pain. She refers to the physical nerves in her body ‘sit ceremonious like tombs’ a comparison that symbolises the effects of this suffering, a tomb being associated with qualities related to the dead. These qualities are stillness and formality, which reflect the physical numbness she is experiencing as a consequence. This sense of numbness is confirmed throughout the poem when mechanical feet are described abstractly walking in a ‘wooden way’ to reflect that they now have no regard for where they land, while indicating that this path they take is conceptual as it is physical. This comparison between the physical and mental components of suffering is intertwined within Dickinson’s poem ‘I felt a funeral in my brain’ when her dramatization of mental anguish, leads to a metaphorical drop. This results in the narrator’s physical form ‘finished knowing’ and sinking into a protective numbness. This concept is also explored within ‘Theres a certain slant of slight’ which Dickenson used as a metaphor for tuberculosis, in a time in her life when many of the people surrounding her fell victim to the disease, meaning without todays knowledge of germ theory, it would result in death. Dickenson throughout the poem moves from descriptions of ‘cathedral tunes’ to ‘internal difference’ to form a contrast between the external and internal elements surrounding life. This is also to reflect the nature of the illness tuberculosis, in which there were no physical signs of pain but instead metaphorical scarring that changed the victim completely ‘internally’. Dickenson also explores the theme of suffering as being a complete state of mind throughout ‘After great pain a formal feeling comes’ a poem centred on the feelings within, while lacking persona or ritual seen in her other poems. She reflects this through her personification of various parts of the body such as the ‘nerves’ ‘heart’ and ‘feet’ a generalisation that allows the reader to assume this pain has to be internal and beyond her physical form. This theme is also within ‘I felt a funeral in my brain’ when Dickenson describes a ‘service and a ‘box’ to vaguely relate this pain to the actions performed at a funeral. However Dickenson uses the metaphor ‘creak across my soul’ which is not typically associated with this ceremony to reflect the internal trance like state the narrator has entered as a result of this pain. This then causes her to enter a place of ‘wrecked, solitary’ when a ‘plank in reason, broke’ which forces the narrator to become a lifeless form, incapable of perceiving the external factors surrounding her. Dickinson also presents the speaker being an object within ‘I Felt a funeral in my brain’ while portraying her as submissive to this form of suffering. This is evident when she recalls ‘then I heard them life a box, And creak across my soul’ to indicate a lack of control those surrounding the dying face when entering the numerous stages of suffering once the loved one has passed. This theme is also explored within ‘Theres a certain slant of light’ when Dickinson describes a ‘Heavenly hurt it gives us’ to suggest this affliction is in the form of a religious experience, that is being forced onto the narrator. This reflects Dickinson’s confusion over her transcendentalist views through her use of the word ‘light’ as a metaphor for tuberculosis, while appearing to blame God for this forceful suffering. In Dickinson’s poem ‘I felt a funeral in my brain’ the whole psychological drama is reflected in the form of a funeral service, however the cause of this intense suffering is never revealed throughout any of her poems. In the fourth stanza of this poem the phrase ‘breaking through’ is used to display mental phenomena, which usually refers to something becoming clear or the narrator may be gaining insight that was hidden to her in the past, which is the outcome of this suffering. The use of repetition when describing the ‘treading, treading’ of the mourners reinforces this idea, becoming a reflection of the self-turmoil the narrator experienced before reaching this understanding. However the coffin like ‘box’ described by Dickenson symbolises the death of rationality and the narrator entering a state close to madness. This loss of self typically comes when ones relationship with people and nature becomes broken, which could be the cause of Dickinson’s personal suffering. The poems regular rhythm and iambic meter being opposed by words such as ‘beating- beating’ also reinforce this idea, adding a rocking quality that could reflect the instability of the  narrator’s sanity. Throughout Dickinson’s poem ‘A certain slant of light’ she also fails to reveal the cause of this suffering consuming her, however she displays the main characteristic of this pain as being oppressive. Her use of words throughout such as ‘oppresses’ ‘weight’ and ‘hurt’ all display this aspect, while her description of the ‘weight of the cathedral tunes’ reflect that her state of mind is causing her to interpret even her external surroundings as oppressive. This communicates to the reader the possibility that this suffering may be Dickinson’s personal response to the realisation into the fact of death. This idea is reinforced in stanza four when she describes ‘Shadows hold their breath’ which is suggestive of the stillness associated with death, in a time when Dickinson’s life was centred on the threat of disease caused by the Tuberculosis epidemic that spread throughout Europe.

Mans Search For Meaning Essays - Fiction, English-language Films

Man's Search For Meaning Viktor Frankl's concept regarding survival and fully living was developed through his observations and experiences in the concentration camps. He used his psychiatric training to discern the meanings of observations and to help himself become a better person. He uses analysis to develop his own concepts and describes them in steps throughout the book. When the prisoners first arrived at the camp most of them thought they would be spared at the last moment. The prisoners believed they had a chance of surviving, but this belief was eventually eliminated and it was at this time when the prisoners began to learn how to survive by using their internal strength. A sense of humor had emerged among the prisoners. This humor helped to get through some difficult situations they faced. Viktor also observed how much a person could really endure and still live. Even though the prisoners could not clean their teeth and were deprived of warmth and vitamins, they still were able to survive. The sores and abrasions on their hands did not suppurate despite the dirt that gathered on them from the hard labor. The challenge of staying alive under these wretched conditions was to have and maintain strong internal strength. During the time he spent in the camps, Viktor learned what was needed to survive and how to keep his internal strength despite his weakening external strength. During the second stage of Viktor's psychological reaction, prisoners lost their sense of feeling and emotion toward events that would be emotional to people outside the camps. This was a result of the violent environment, which consisted of beatings of prisoners and the death of many others. The prisoners could no longer feel any disgust or horror since these emotions where very common. From Viktor's professional point of view, this observation surprised him and also gave him a different point of view of the whole situation. The pain that hurt Viktor the most was the pain he felt when he received punishment for no reason. The punishments were of an insult, and hurt the prisoners on the inside more than on the outside. Viktor also acknowledged the fact that since the prisoners lacked the primary needs, they would dream about them and put all other needs aside. Since there was a lack of food Viktor depended greatly on his inner thoughts to get himself through the suffering. He needed some hope and a reason to live. He thought about his wife and the love that they shared. Every chance, he got he thought about pleasant events from the past to help get through all the hard times. The prisoners had a life of their own in their minds. At one point Viktor gave up on trying to control his life and in sending himself into the path he wanted. He decided to let fate take its course. After a while he found out that he could not allow this to happen, his inner emotions could not stand being helpless. He had to make decisions for himself if he wanted to have some control over his life and if he wanted to get out of the camp alive. When the camps were closing Viktor became the emotional leader of the remaining prisoners. He raised their hopes, and by doing this he was looking at the situation from a different point of view. He believed that life expected more from them and that they had to live in order to accomplish the unfinished work they had left behind when they left their home. When Viktor and the prisoners were released everyone except Viktor had no sense of direction. They did not know what was right and what was wrong. They went around and copied the actions of the SS, not knowing that it was wrong. Victor was fortunate and did not end up like the other survivors, since he had more knowledge than they did and was able to see his opportunity to live his life again. Viktor's concept applies to my life during the times when I am feeling bad or when I just don't know what to do. When I am have tremendous amount of work and I don't know when or how I will get through it I think about how it will turn out in the future. I know that I will get through the difficulty alive, unlike the situation that Viktor and the other prisoners were going through. I just look forward to the future and acknowledge the fact that