MARKETING DEPARTMENT :: Business and Management Studies

MARKETING DEPARTMENTThe aim of this department is to make sure that the business producesgoods that consumers would privation to buy and sell.Activities of selling and sales department at SainsburysMarket Research this type of research is a research that Sainsburyswould like to find if a crossroad or a service is suitable for theconsumers. This is because they fucking find out what kind of products orservices the consumers wants. Sainsburys would also like to find out active if the product exists, if so, how would they manage to improveit.There are two types of research Sainsburys could use 1) fieldresearch and 2) desk research.Promotion this is to tell the customers that the products or servicesthat is gettable by advertising will encourage the customers to buythe products or services by offering promotions.Sales this provides that the goods and services are suitable tocustomers that they need or want. This area of department involvesmaking sales.This function helps Sainsburys to achieve the objectives. The steeringthey manage to do this is by increase their sales so that it increasesits market share or market segment. The market research is carried outto identify the customer needs. Sainsburys also would like toincrease their image name. This is because Sainsburys would like toprovide the customers with good products so that they can fulfil thecustomer needs and increase the sales within the promotion offers e.g.get one and get the second one free. Promotion is an important merchandise function for Sainsburys. This is because Sainsburys wouldlike to increase the awareness, attract new customers, and increasesales and profits. The marketing function for Sainsburys takes intoaccount the four marketing mix e.g. product, price, place andpromotion.How the marketing department helps Sainsburys meet objectives.Market research. When an organisation is in a market it is good thatyour can look at other activity in the market. Sainsburys is in themarket of an oli gopoly and few big firms run this kind of market. Oneof the objectives of Sainsburys is to gain market share. Sainsburyswill be expression to beat competitors. To beat competitors Sainsburyswill need to research and see what business activity they do compareto Sainsburys. If they research they can think of way to beatcompetitors in the market.Promotion. Promotion of products and Sainsburys plc is vital to them.Sainsburys will want everyone to know who they are and what productsthey sell. For Saisnburys to advertise products they do it throughthe marketing department. The marketing department will be expected topromote the products they sell to the correct audience.

Physics of Image Processing Essay -- physics photo photograph digital

Missing FiguresCharacteristics of LightThere are a few fundamental characteristics of escape that are useful to be aware of before proceeding with the discussion on how CCDs and Film can function to save a useful, meaningful image. iodine of these important fundamental qualities is the fact that visible light is electromagnetic radiation.Electromagnetic Radiation, Photons, and Energy LevelsElectromagnetic radiation has many different classifications. Some such classifications intromit AM/FM Radio Waves, microwaves, visible light, x-rays, and gamma rays. A key factor in these classifications is that each different type or level of electromagnetic radiation contains different faculty levels. These energy levels are determined by the speed or rate that charges from a given source move to micturate an electric field (for instance, moving charges through an antenna or lightbulb) (Serway 1090). Hence, this oscillating electric field has two very important characteristics it has a freq uency and a wavelength. Furthermore, light can also behave as a particle in some instances. This particle of light is called a photon, and is essentially the amount of energy that a light wave has at a certain frequency (the energy of a photon is not dependent on the intensity of the light, but quite an only dependent upon its frequency) (Serway 1107). It is this duality of light that allows CCDs and film to function as they do, as energy is transferred to materials through light via. photons.Since the energy of a photon is only link to its frequency, an equation (discovered by Einstein) relates photons to the electrons they produce byE = h * fWhere E is the energy of the produced electron, h is Plancks constant (6.63 * 10-34 J... ...graphic Sensitivity. 2001. 31 Mar. 2003 Gambhir. The Photographic functioning Silver Bromide Crystals. 1 April 2003 Harris, Tom. How Cameras Work. How Stuff Works. 1 April 2003 Light - Part VIII. 1 April 2003 Spectral Configuration Guide. 31 March 2003 Thompson, Tom. Charge-coupled device. Computerworld 6 Aug. 2001 49 megascopic Light Waves.2 April 2003 Woodworth, Charles. How Photographic Film Works. How Stuff Works. 1 April 2003

Romanticism in Scarlet Letter, Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodma

American Romanticism in The Scarlet Letter, The Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman embrown Nathaniel Hawthorne took elements of the European romanticism and reshaped them into a new literary form that is called American Romanticism. The American Romanticists created a form that, at first glance, seems ancient and traditional they borrowed from holy romance, adapted pastoral themes and incorporated Gothic elements (Reuben 22). Some of the definable elements of romanticism combined with the Gothic including the crossing of some boundary or a tabu broken (Crow 1), the emotional response of pleasure and pain that the reader experiences and the mixing of good and evil to form a flawed hero. Hawthorne developed a literary productions of shadows and moonlight to questions what is real and made-up (Crow, 106). Examining Hawthornes writings in the works of The Scarlet Letter, The Ministers Black Veil, and Young Goodman Brown exemplifies American Romanticism at its best. Hawthorne utilise extensive study and his own innate knowledge from his own family history to examine the New England Puritan to give the reader an accurate picture of 17th century life. In the introduction to The Scarlet Letter Hawthorne describes his ancestor as a soldier, legislator, judge he was a ruler in the Church he had all the Puritanical traits, both good and evil. He was likewise a bitter persecutor (Scarlet Letter 89). The women waiting for Hester to emerge from prison pronounce the reprove of the A not harsh enough. they should have put the brand of a hot iron on Hester Prynnes forehead (Scarlet Letter 114). The people use their severe beliefs to ward off any workings of the devil among there midst through t... ...Heath Anthology of American Literature. Ed. capital of Minnesota Lauter. New York Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. 2207-2216. ---The Scarlet Letter. The Complete Novels and Selected Tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne. Ed. Norman Holmes Pearson. New York Random House, 1937. 81- 240. Melville, Herman. Hawthorne and His Mosses. Literary World. 17 and 24 Aug. 1850. Pearson, Norman Holmes. Introduction. The Complete Novels and Selected Tales of Nathaniel Hawthorne. By Pearson. New York Random House, 1937. vii-xv. Poe, Edgar Allan. Tale-Writing. Rev. of Twice-Told Tales and Mosses From An Old Manse. Godeys Ladys Book. Nov. 1847 252-256. Reuben, Paul P. Chapter 3 Early Nineteenth Century Romanticism An Introduction PAL Perspectives in American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. 1-38. http//www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap3/hawthorne

Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay -- Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Essay

Charlotte Brontes Jane EyreJane Eyre was written in the mid-nineteenth century and is setduring the Victorian period, at a conviction where a womens role in societywas restrictive and repressive and class differences were distinct. Ajob as a governess was one of the only few tidy positionsavailable to the educated nonwithstanding impoverished single women.Schools of the 19th century were strict, and they demanded much hardwork and participation from the students, however, just the same,children of the time loved issue to school. Most children felt that itwas a privilege to attend school and they especially enjoyed the timeit gave them to be with and socialize with opposite children. This isreflected in the novel because Jane is glad to be leaving her cruelaunt and of having the chance of going to school. In the country wheresmall, one-room schools existed, the Three Rs were considered themost important subjects because, to be able to read the Bible would have got a person a bet ter Christian. In the novel, Mr. Brocklehurst saidtake away your heart of stone and give you a heart of flesh. He wasasking Jane to demand to God to change her attitude towards religion,highlighting the importance of religion. Good penmanship-writing was avaluable skill as neat, legible handwriting was considered a sign of acultured person, and knowing how to solve mathematical-arithmeticproblems was important for anyone who wanted to be a farmer, a storekeeper, a craftsperson, a miller, or any number of other careers.The depiction of disease in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre helps defineJanes social position and. This is because the poor were oftenassociated with diseases such as tuberculosis in the Victorian peri... ...r experiences as an emotionally abused and lostchild result to feelings of constant need to replenish herself andrely on herself. It is necessary for women to be independent in lifebut not to the point where they lack trust in others and cannotdevelop relationships with other people. Jane constantly doubts hertrust in other people. She denies relationships that could be trulyfulfilling in her life because she lacks the ability to depend on ortrust other people. However, she eventually does realise her mistakesand matures through them.In conclusion, I think that the most important reasons why Jane cameto prefer Lowood to Gateshead despite its hardships is that shereceived love and affection at Lowood from mainly Miss Temple andHelen Burns, this was particularly important to Jane as she had notreally had not really ever been loved by anyone.

South African Apartheid Essay -- South Africa Apartheid Essays

Have you ever wondered how it would feel to be considered inferior because of your race? The volume of South Africa had to endure racial inferiority during the era of apartheid. The apartheid impartialitys the government of South Africa made led to an unequal lifestyle for the blacks and produced opposition.South Africa really began to suffer when apartheid was scripted into the law. Apartheid was first introduced in the 1948 election that the Afrikaner National Party won. The plan was to take the already existing segregation and expand it (Wright, 60). Apartheid was a system that unintegrated South Africas population racially and considered non-whites inferior (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). Apartheid was designed to make it legal for Europeans to dominate economics and governance (History of South Africa in the apartheid era).Apartheid consisted of a set of unequal laws that favored the whites (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). The Race Classificatio n Act, which change integrity everyone into four race groups, whites, blacks, coloreds, and Indians were the first of many major laws (Evans, 8). Hundreds of thousands of black South Africans were forced to leave their homes and move into special reservations called homelands or Bantustans that were set up for them (Evans, 8). in that location were twenty-three million blacks and they were divided into nine tribal groups, Zulu, Xhosa, Tswana, North and South Sotho, Venda, Tsonga, Swansi, and South Ndebele, and each group were moved into a separate homeland (Evans, 8). another(prenominal) major law was the Groups Area Act, which secluded the twenty-three million blacks to 14 percent of land, leaving 86 percent of the land for the 4.8 million (Evans, 9). Under apartheid laws a minority ... ...rry their pass books (Blacks resistance to Apartheid). During 1980 there were 304 major incidents concerning struggle with apartheid including arrests, tear gas violence, stoning, and strikes (Blacks resistance to Apartheid). In 1986 cerise conflict forced the government to assert a national state of emergency (Wright, 68). The Public Safety Act increased penalties such as fining, imprisonment, and whippings for protesting the law (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). Finally in 1990 De Klerk, president of South Africa unbanned the ANC (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). In 1994 the first bleak multiracial elections were held and the people voted to end apartheid (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). Nelson Mandela was elected president (Wright, 66). The opposition to apartheid helped turn things around in South Africa.

South African Apartheid Essay -- South Africa Apartheid Essays

Have you ever wondered how it would feel to be considered inferior because of your bunk? The people of entropy Africa had to endure racial inferiority during the era of apartheid. The apartheid laws the government of South Africa made led to an unequal lifestyle for the blacks and produced opposition.South Africa really began to run into when apartheid was written into the law. Apartheid was maiden introduced in the 1948 election that the Afrikaner National Party won. The plan was to take the already existing segregation and expand it (Wright, 60). Apartheid was a placement that segregated South Africas population racially and considered non-whites inferior (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). Apartheid was designed to make it legal for Europeans to dominate economics and politics (History of South Africa in the apartheid era).Apartheid consisted of a set of unequal laws that favored the whites (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). The Race compartmentalis ation Act, which divided everyone into four race groups, whites, blacks, coloreds, and Indians were the first of many major laws (Evans, 8). Hundreds of thousands of black South Africans were forced to leave their homes and move into special reservations called motherlands or Bantustans that were set up for them (Evans, 8). There were twenty-three million blacks and they were divided into nine tribal groups, Zulu, Xhosa, Tswana, North and South Sotho, Venda, Tsonga, Swansi, and South Ndebele, and each group were moved into a separate homeland (Evans, 8). Another major law was the Groups Area Act, which secluded the twenty-three million blacks to 14 percent of land, leaving 86 percent of the land for the 4.8 million (Evans, 9). below apartheid laws a minority ... ...rry their pass books (Blacks resistance to Apartheid). During 1980 there were 304 major incidents concerning struggle with apartheid including arrests, tear gas violence, stoning, and strikes (Blacks resistance to Apart heid). In 1986 violent conflict forced the government to assert a national state of emergency (Wright, 68). The Public Safety Act increased penalties such as fining, imprisonment, and whippings for protesting the law (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). Finally in 1990 De Klerk, president of South Africa unbanned the ANC (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). In 1994 the first free multiracial elections were held and the people voted to end apartheid (History of South Africa in the apartheid era). Nelson Mandela was elected president (Wright, 66). The opposition to apartheid helped turn things around in South Africa.

Biographical Narrative Essay

Work isnt to make gold, you hold to justify life-Marc Chagall When I was younger, everything was handed to me. Well, not everything but most of what I deficiencyed or thought I needed like new clothes, toys, the latest electronics things that cost money. When the prudence started to crash thing had to change around my house. My mother lost her job and my dads pay was cut short plus on sneak of that he was sick for 8 months with a type of liver disease. We had to cut d testify on how much money we worn-out(a) especially on the wants compared to our needs.With our financial struggle I had to learn how to live with the things that I already had and not want what other people had. Having my first job as a vitamin C cone maker I also had to learn that you get down to work for the things you want in life. Nothing in life is just handed to you, you have to earn it. My parents always reminded us that we had it better than others which helped me appreciate the things I had a little m ore. When I got my first job I started to appreciate the money that was spent on me because I knew what hard work it took to earn it.I started working at age 15 for a kettle corn and snow cone marketer called Hunsaker Bros Kettle Corn. I can remember my first day at work, shaking nerves up and down my spine, thinking of smart word that I can put in my sentences when I talk to my first costumer. All I wanted to do was to please my boss and be the best actor I can be. By working hard, I learned that it takes great responsibility to maintain a good work ethic. Learning these responsibilities and good work ethics I have managed to provide for myself.I now know how to pay bills, separate necessities with desires and manage my funds. Before, when my parents would always pay my Iphone bill and complain to me that it is too expensive, my chemical reaction was always Well, if you can pay for a brand new refrigerator we can pay for my I phone Its something that we have to pay for. Having a job has devoted me a different perspective on what money is spent on. I never thought how much money is wasted on things that dont even matter in life. In life, we get side tracked on useless material objects.It is very controversial on what we believe are wants versus our needs. I remember going school shopping for clothes and I asked my mom for a tally of rock revival jeans. In my mind it was a necessity, it was a piece of clothing that I needed to make me cool and dress like everyone else. But in reality, it was a pair of jeans that was more for luxury and high price which I ended up getting four pairs of off brand jeans for the price of one. I now figure why my mom managed to spend money on my sibling and I so wisely.Each penny that was spent on us was worked hard for and then given to us. I have learned from my parents that if I want something in life, the only way to accomplish it is to work hard, and then I will deserve it. Earning my own money at a young age has impacted my life as I enter adulthood by giving me goals that I want to accomplish later in life and setting morals and responsibilities. I also realized that life isnt about living for making money or how much money you make but what you have to leave behind as a person. Nothing in life is given for devoid you have to work hard and earn it.

Romeo and Juliet Open Response

In Romeo and Juliet, the maturity level between Romeo and Juliet differs drastically despite their age difference because of the way Juliet thinks with every decision she is going to make and the way Romeo makes careless and irresponsible decisions. First, Gullets higher level of maturity is expressed through the way she thinks through the consequences of whatever decision before she makes it.For example, when Juliet is talking to herself on the balcony without knowing Romeo could hear her, she says, O Romeo, Romeo Wherefore art thou Romeo? Deny thy father and refuse thy After Juliet meets Romeo or the first time and realizes that she really likes him, Juliet thinks through what would happen if she actually got into a relationship with Romeo. Juliet realizes that their families being arch rivals is a huge problem and tries to come up with a solution for this which contradicts the way Romeo makes his decisions.Next, Romeos careless and irresponsible decisions show his level of matu rity. For instance, when Juliet tells Romeo that her family will kill him if they find out he is here, Romeo says, Alack, there lies more disclose in thin eye/ Than twenty of their swords look thou but Even though Romeo knows its not safe to stay in the Capsules house any longer, he decides he doesnt want to leave Juliet and stays.Romeo does not think through the consequences of this decision and makes an irresponsible decision which differs from how Juliet makes her decisions. The way Romeo and Juliet make their decisions clearly shows that Juliet is more good than Romeo despite their age difference. Throughout Act II, Romeo and Juliet have different priorities and concerns which shows the difference in their level of maturity, even with the difference in their age.

Pollution and Poverty Essay

Authorities on the environment claim that a wealthy state could also be a polluting state and affluence can constitute a serious threat to the environment. The movement for protecting the environment commenced with a slogan of conservation and gradually changed into an anti technology movement. It opposed the activities of the government, oil companies and the nuclear industry.The impetus for the movement included several contrasting factors, much(prenominal) as developments in the physical sciences, which resulted in the efficiency to detect very small amounts of chemicals the Vietnam War and the decisive book on this subject by Rachel Carson, namely, Silent Spring. The movement against the use of nuclear energy was stirred by the proliferation of nuclear weapons. However this movement had exagge consecrated the dangers to the world, by expressing unfounded fears over minute traces of radiation in the environment, caused by the nuclear energy programs (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). It is measurable to consider the Montreal Protocol, which was the first international consensus reached on prohibiting the use of certain chemicals. This Protocol was inspired by the movement, which had opposed the operation of supersonic aircraft for transportational needs. The operation of supersonic aircrafts remediation the stratospheric ozone layer of the atmosphere. The documentary Against Nature depicts the views of wealthy Western nation environmentalists who argue that providing help to low nations will compel them to increase takings, which would make the world less(prenominal) sustainable.Those advocates of elitism demand that the poor nations should continue their traditional way of life such as agriculture, to be powered by animals or humans and not by tractors, and that energy should be produced by using cow dung rather than oil. These comments address the social issue of population growth. However, population growth depends on the rate of fertility, which is cont inuously declining in every country. Thus, population growth should not be considered as a long term global enigma (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). In the upshot of seekeries such a viewpoint would be incorrect, because nearly a fourth of the worlds fisheries have been over exploited. on that point is a severe depletion of fish resources all over the world. In order, to address this problem there should be adequate institutional systems to ensure property rights. This arrangement could also prove to be unendurable for the poor people who live in the coastal argonas and whose principal source of living is fishing (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). Just a century ago, fundamental elements worry water and air were unsafe in the rich countries. For instance, there were killer smogs half a century ago. However, efforts were undertaken to provide better health to the public and that design was achieved. Politicians have actively involved themselves in matters relating to measures that seek to reduce the contamination of the air, acid rain and stratospheric ozone depletion.These areas are fully controlled by political ideology, with little or no leeway for science and economics. For instance, in the year 1973 there was an oil crisis due to the vicious control exercised by OPEC on oil production. This was the creation of politics. There will be no shortage of oil in the coming years, because there are still unexplored deposits of heavy oil and tar sands. The soil contains vast resources of oil, which have not yet been explored. such a measure involves a high cost factor (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). Sophistication in science results in new types of automobiles such as hybrid electric cars and fuel cell technology based cars. Consumption of fossil fuels such as coal is increase every year and the burning of coal provides eighty percent of the energy requirements of the US. Nearly half of the electric power derives from the consumption of coal. In the US, eighty quin p ercent of the fossil fuel reserves consist of coal. Even if the consumption of coal continues at the current rate, it will be available for another dickens hundred and fifty years (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). Solar energy is an abundant natural source of energy, but producing energy from solar power is not cost effective. every last(predicate) the akin, the utilization of solar energy is gradually on the increase. This is due to its high cost and the governments reluctance to encourage its use by subsidizing it production and reducing costs. Uranium based nuclear fission energy is also a renewable energy source. The drawback with this source of energy is its cost and the requirements of technological infrastructure, moreover, the poor countries would not be able to afford nuclear fission plants (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). The concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere is on the increase. This leads to global warming. However, it is very unwieldy to treasure human plow share to the warming process, amidst natural temperature variations. In the period between 1940 and 1975 there was a thermal cooling of the atmosphere and this phenomenon defied a proper explanation. The synopsis of satellite data has revealed that there was no global warming in the last two decades. At this juncture, it can be stated that human contribution to the global warming process is of lesser significance.The theories, which attribute global warming to human activities, do not clearly integrate various atmospheric changes and properties. The meteorological experts are in agreement with the fact that there are uncertainties in the atmospheric temperatures. Changes in the climate could be dealt with by making certain adjustments. Such adjustments are easily available to the affluent nations.Poor nations would have to face much difficulty, in switching over to alternative adjustments provided by the Kyoto Protocol. Natural calamities such as floods, droughts, hurricanes and e arthquakes affect the poor countries more severely. The economies of the poor countries would be upond further, with the result that the impoverished countries become much poorer There has been a prediction that the sea level would rise if the snow caps melt due to global warming, but that is a natural process, which is not dependent on human contribution (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). The remedial actions agreed to in the Kyoto Protocol would require the US to curtail its fossil fuel consumption by thirty percent in the next cardinal years. This would require the US to spend more money on other energy sources and would not achieve any tangible results. The estimated cost to be incurred by the US, if it was to go in for non fossil fuel sources of energy, would be of the order of $2.3 trillion. The remedial actions provided by the Kyoto Protocol to mitigate the problem of global warming, energy rationing schemes and the espousal of stricter measures after 2012, would only serve to curtail the economic growth of the poor countries. (Hollander, 2003. Pp. 251). The sophistication of science and improved living standards provide an opportunity to mitigate the problem of environmental pollution. Poor people do not attach much importance to problems arising from pollution. This is because they encounter more immediate problems to be resolved. Despite, affluence being a contributory factor to pollution, nevertheless, it provides an opportunity to address such problems (SWAN, September 1972). In poor nations, basic requirement like food, water and shelter are difficult to fulfill. Only on the fulfillment of these basic needs, will there be any devotion of thought to issues beyond such immediate requirements. The rich countries are at the moment opening their factories, on a very large scale, in the poor countries. This is because the labor there is cheap and abundant, and more importantly, the laws regarding environmental pollution are lax or non existent. This per mits the rich nations of the world to totally ignore all safety measures in such countries, while causing immeasurable damage to the environment of those countries.Such an incident transpired in 1984, in the city of Bhopal in India. The Union Carbide Company operated a battery plant in that place, without paying gaze to safety regulations and with scant regard to the safety of the inhabitants. A large amount of methyl isocyanate gas leaked into the atmosphere, causing a large number of deaths and physical impairment. In the event of the existence of uniform standards, in the context of environmental pollution, such malpractices will be curtailed. From the foregoing discussion it is evident that it is essential to maintain the same environmental standards throughout the world.ReferencesHollander, J. M. (2003. Pp. 251). The Real Environmental Crisis Why Poverty, not Affluence, Is the Environments Number One Enemy. Berkely, California University of California Press.SWAN, J. A. (Septem ber 1972). Poverty, Prosperity, Pollution. Annals of Internal medicinal drug , Vol. 77. Iss. 3, Pp. 465 465 .

Container Store’s Approach to Human Resource Management

The Fortunes list of 100 best companies to civilize for is a source of prestige to companies that are nominated by their employees as the best companies to work for. The Container inclose which is a Dallas-based retail store emerged number 32 in the recently released 2009 Fortune list. One department to reckon with at Container Store is the tender-hearted resource focusing which earned the company a position in the Fortune 100 best companies to work for in America. But just what is Container Stores woo to human resource management?This paper seeks to answer this question and withdrawers conclusions about the human resource management approach used by the company. Analysis Container Store makes use of a flexible human resource structure. Their rules on employees are simple and flexible and the concept of a rulebook or manual for employees is not their focussing of managing people (Laabs, 2001). The company is interested in peoples ability to be straight forward and eager to co unter different situations with flexibility and creativity.Unlike in the traditional HR system, Container Store makes use of managers and supervisors to promote motivation and staff retention since they are more closer to the employees (Laabs, 2001). There is great interaction between employees and managers in clubhouse to create freedom of expression. Even the founders Kip and Garret still frequent the store to interact with employees and help them out (Container Store, 2009).The companys employee development philosophy focuses on employees talents and not titles letting employees make the best use of their abilities to benefit themselves and the company. Container Store puts great value on employees describing them as the greatest assets in the organization. Motivation and an enthusiastic environment are the factors that give its employees the desire to stay with the company for years (Container Store, 2009). Career development and training ensure well qualified staff for the co mpany which is very(prenominal) keen on customer care.For motivation, great benefits for their employees including exceptional training, job security and attractive pay package are provided. A 40% discount on the companys merchandise, 401(k) retirement benefits, medical and dental plans for employees both full-time and part-time provide even more benefits for the employees (Container Store, 2009). From the above analysis, we can conclude that the human resource management at Container Store is employee oriented. It allows flexibility and is democratic in nature.More so it values success and the management recognizes that the employees are key to achieving this. Container Store is also keen on its employees welfare and health. This kind of management style brings in positive outcomes in a company since the employees will often feel as contributors to the parentage growth. accord to the vice president of operations, Beth Barret, flexibility gives employees a chance to participate i n company decision making (Laabs, 2001).This gives a sense of responsibility and is better off than using autocratic kind of management system. Allowing employees to be flexible rather than follow a certain set of laws is a motivating factor and plays a big role in defining productivity of employees. Container Stores dedication to employee motivation is a good quality in the human resource management which is aimed at encouraging employee commitment to the company. Employee benefits are a good way of not only retaining employees but also motivation which promotes productivity. ConclusionFlexibility and staff involvement in the business activities are emphasized as the key contributors of Container Stores success. The qualities of the human resource management approach used by Container Store gives a justification for why the employees nominated it as the best company to work with. Word Count 606 References Container Store (2009). Careers for Great People. Retrieved on April 27, 2009 from www. containerstore. com Laabs, J. K. (2001). Thinking Outside the Box at The Container Store merciful Resource Management Awards. Workforce, March Issue.

The Education And Development In Uae Education Essay

After the constitution of the federation in join Arab Emirates, the first of the quality didactics has begun. In UAE till the university degree public counseling is free for male and females of joined Arab Emirates. Education system of UAE comprises of in-between tames, primary trains and gritty schools. In United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) primary school registration for males campaigners in 2005 stood at 85 % and 81 % of females about in Unites provinces of Emirates. In secondary school of UAE stayed less(prenominal) at 62 % for males and 66 % for females. In the twelvemonth of 2003, ages of 15 to 24 males reached at 98 per centum literacy and 96 per centum for females this record is submitted in CIA World Factbook of UAE. Literacy rate of United Arab Emirates in 1989 was 53 % which is improved exponenti every(prenominal)y during the period of 2000-2007 and right now 90 % people of UAE peoples argon literate it means they sack read and hoard easy. The assign of affairs of pri vate schools of UAE is better than authorities schools and in the large metropoliss like Dubai and Abu Dhabi there are about 50 % of scholars in private school of UAE. Harmonizing to World Bank study which is published in 2010, 16.83 was the student-teacher ratio ( pupil-teacher ratio ) of UAE. ( Gyimah, 2011 )Earlier in 1960 before the find of oil, United Arab Emirates was a hapless state and its instruction system is worst every bit ethical. Harmonizing to surveies there were merely 15-20 schools in Dubai metropolis and Abu Dhabi had a same status. Those pupils who want to takes higher instruction they defy to travel abroad chiefly to U.S. and England. Sheikh Rashid bin Saeed Al Maktoum dedicated his life to the development of national instruction system and provided the indispensable foundation for the modernisation of Dubai. Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan introduced CERT ( Centre of Excellence for Applied Research and Training ) in 1999 which supply a different instruct ion system forge for all nationalities of UAE. In 2003 Education Ministry of United Arab Emirates followed Education 2020 which is a series of 5 twelvemonth programs introduced to improved advanced accomplishments of pupils, instruction techniques and self-learning qualities of pupils and anyway introduced new compound course of study for math and scientific discipline for 1st grade degree in all authorities schools of UAE. Nowadays Education system of UAE besides includes foreign linguistic communication such as English, So that pupils of Emirates able to hold on the international linguistic communication. Right now there are umpteen universities like Higher Colleges of Technology, American Universities of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates University that are supplying wellness scientific discipline, technology, information engineering and concern around the state. EIBFS was established for fiscal and banking surveies in 1983. ( Kitaura, 2010 )Research QuestionThe chief purpose o f this surveies or research is to dissect the educational public presentation of UAE and improves quality acquisition, pupil registration in schools and finally feeler in economic growing of UAE.What are the most follow-efficient policies to better school registration?Efficiency and effectivity are the two perceptive to analyze effectivity and force of school registration. Efficiency has two move internal and external. If schools are accomplishing their ends without blowing their valuable resources so it is known as internal efficiency. External efficiency analyzes Educational returns. So fundamentally in the betterment of economic growing betterment of labour productiveness is of import. Other cost-efficient policy is effectiveness which is all depends on the cognitive accomplishments of pupil and have analyze utilizing traditional examination based system. Cost-efficient policies will assist the instruction system by supplying the much better instruction installations with much lower cost.What is the political feasibleness of cost-efficient instruction policies?By utilizing cost effectual policies both effect and their cost taken into consideration in systematic manner.Political feasibleness is a judgement of the political environment around certain policy & A plays an of import serve in the cost effectiveness instruction policies. Political feasibleness is cogitate to be effectivity and efficiency so, to understand the political feasibleness 1st we ingest to place policy environment such as wellness policy or environment policy etc. ( SCHOELLMAN, 2011 )Literature ReviewEntree to SchoolingSchool registration is fundamentally depends on cost-efficient policies as mainstream economic attack provide good economic growing quality attack. Education system of UAE comprises of in-between schools, primary schools and high schools. In United Arab Emirates ( UAE ) primary school registration for males campaigners in 2005 stood at 85 % and 81 % of females. In secondary school of UAE stayed less at 62 % for males and 66 % for females. In the twelvemonth of 2003, ages of 15 to 24 males reached at 98 % literacy and 96 % for females this record is submitted in CIA World Factbook of UAE. ( BALCIUNAITIENE, 2010 )Many schools in UAE have school coach for transit. deport and indirect are two cost-associated with school. Fees, conveyance cost, books, uniforms are the portion of direct cost while reeducation in household income comprise of indirect cost. Family gifts and public service are the two things in which school registration depends. ( Anctil, 2012 )Educational resultMany states believing that there is no any relationship in between trial detect and school input. notwithstanding in recent old ages this determination has been capable to greater rummage. In both developed & A developing states the strong impact of pupil trial plays an of import function in instruction result. Reeducation in category size, educated instructors, good t eacher leads to an betterment in instruction outcome in conclusion most research finds a positive impact on educational accomplishments.The impact of inputs on labour productivenessThe schools which have good resources produce good alumnus pupil as comparison to the other schools so that there is relationship in between quality & A cost of school instruction. entirely in 1995 Sheikh Nahyan bin Mubarak Al Nahyan finds that there is no any effectual difference between in labour productiveness of United Arab Emirates. But still no any proof appears associating the impact of inputs on labour productiveness. From one more(prenominal) research they analyze labour productiveness and cognitive accomplishments & A they find that gaining quality of more cognitive accomplishments pupils have better than other pupils.Methodological IssuesBy and large, researches suffer from many methodological jobs. Some of the major jobs are followsBiasness due to overfly of variables It is non easy to in clude the variable like background of parents, kids innate ability, political degree variables and so many other variables as they create biasness in the reckoning of mensural consequence. The effects of biasness straight affect the trial tonss of study. Besides if excluded variables are correlated with included variables incompatibility and biasness will introduce forth once more in computation.For illustration Children with rich parents attend school with much better inputs than the kids with un affluent parents. Besides economic conditions have important consequence kids instruction.Biasness during error amount In the measuring of explanatory variables normally biasness and incompatibility in the appraisal can be observed. In most of the researches sufficient sum of measurement mistakes can be seen particularly in the computation of cognitive accomplishments and old ages of schooling.Specification of the dependent variables Trial tonss are normally y used in the trial signifie r in most of the surveies. These are ever criticized because of cumulative character of cognition. Biasness may lift during rating of the pupils if this cumulative nature of cognition is ignored.Sample survival of the fittest In a developed state like UAE about every kid attends school. Their dropout rates are besides really rare. Therefore to choose the experiment for the analysis schools with different parts must be focused so that broad scope of model can be collected. During the aggregation of informations different mistakes during crimper uping informations must be taken earnestly. Must be Data can be gathered by direct observations, studies, interviews, questionnaire and many other methods. During aggregation of informations many mistakes can be come into the manner such as biasness, non-response mistake, mistakes in informations acquisition and so on.Proposed Research MethodologyBasic Idea beyond this research proposal is to destine conventional methodological analysiss which are based on econometric theoretical accounts and to work out the jobs which are described above. Second of import thought to practice this research proposal is to measure the bing policies of school and supply better cost effectual policies and methods to better the instruction degree in UAE.This research will bring forth an econometric theoretical account which will assist in find the factor which decides the school registration by sing both supply-side factors and family capablenesss. In computation of school efficiency econometric theoretical account can be used to develop a educational production map for the instruction system of UAE. For the account of trial tonss of the pupil assorted maps will be included in the merchandise map to analyse the household background, unconditioned abilities and sample choice in add-on with a value added attack will be used. To analyse the consequence of the plan on the consequence of trial mark explanatory variable must be incorporated with trial tonss. Political feasibleness of these policies will be step with the better cost-efficient qualitative and measures fire will be used. The basic thought beyond this procedure is to measure assorted place occupied by societal elements and interest holders who are the parts of the instruction procedure. Qualitative technique will concentrate on group interviews and life interviews.DatasEducation finding mapA study will be conducted to build this map in two different period of clip. Standardized trial will be conducted to measure the pupils besides household and school features are besides assessed in these trials. causative behind these trials is to garner the informations to measure the instruction system.Schooling Production theoretical accountIn these theoretical accounts enrolment in the school will be analyzed with the aid of studies related to life criterions measurings. This information will be gathered with the information related to education organize the UAE au thorities to integrate the supply side information.Scientific ContributionThis consequence hopes to give two of import parts to the instruction system of UAE. One advanced theoretical attack will be developed to wholly understand the instruction system in UAE. Besides, one conventional will be developed based on willingness to pay the fees for instruction and the maximization of public-service corporation standards. These attacks will be wholly based on the theoretical part of assorted researches. Theoretical parts will wholly stress on the public action and capablenesss of families in the providing of instruction. This research will besides assist in design adequate instruments which will be a great part to the methodological development. And betterment in methodological issues will be good in the better appraisal in the jobs of convention econometric theoretical accounts. Experimental rating methods will be used as mention for these findings. Overall this research will be a great part towards the determination of the most cost effectual methods and policies for the profit of the instruction outcomes. End product of this research will assist the UAE Government to plan policies related to the instruction which will be more cost-effective and effectual.

Community Project Management – Neighbourhood Statistics

- Contents rapscallion 2 Summary, Introduction and Methodology P be on 3 demographic profile P eld 3- People and health ground statistics Page 6 Employment statistics Page 7 Education statistics Page 8 Findings and discussions Page 9 Recommendations and conclusion Page 10 References Page 11 Appendices SummaryA Demographic profile (refer to appendices) of the Newcastle on a lower floor Lyme 006E region (refer to appendices for definition) has been done and from this a social contract (appendices) in the Newcastle chthonian Lyme 006E neighbourhood has been highlighted, and an appropriate familiarity get a line has been implemented to fall in the demands of the neighbourhoods social need. IntroductionAs a alliance development consultant, I have been commissioned on behalf of a coalition of community groups, to highlight a social need in the Newcastle to a lower place Lyme 006E neighbourhood by building a demographical profile from using reliable statistical evidence which gives this information. From the demographical profile the characteristics of the neighbourhood can be indicated and a proposed community project go forth be put into place to tackle the social need of the neighbourhood.People, health, education and employment statistics have been researched and implemented into the tell to build a profile of the problems inside the neighbourhood Methodology To find the appropriate statistics and information, in depth research has be done on the neighbourhood statistics website at www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk, from this website statistics on health, education and the great unwashed can be analysed to give information needed. People based statistics atomic number 18 important to give an indication of the sizing and population of the neighbourhood health based statistics indicate the health f the neighbourhood work statistics indicates the employment in the bea and education statistics gives an indication of the educational achiev ement in the neighbourhood. Demographical profile This demographic profile coers statistics on the Newcastle under Lyme 006E ST57PE realm. People based statistics Mid-2010 population estimates Variable judge Your neighbourhood Your bea whole People Count 1,628 8,026 Males Count 815 3,980 Females Count 813 4,046 In total there are 1628 great deal in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood. 15 of these people are males and 813 of these people are females. Percentage of people in each age band in your neighbourhood, mid-2010 The braggart(a)st age band is age 25 49 followed by 0 15 with 16 24 and 50 64 being the smallest age band. Health based statistics Life expectancy at birth, 2007 2009 Males of the neighborhood are pass judgment to live until the age of 75 and females are expected to live until the age of 83. Both males and females life expectancy is lower than the case life expectancy. The subject life expectancy for males is 78 and females are expected to live until the age of 82.Both males and females of the neighborhood are non expected to live as long as the interior(a) percentage. Infant Mortality, 2008 2010 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England Deaths at age under 1 year, per 1000 live births Rate n/a 8. 7 4. 4 There isnt a rhythm for infant mortality in my neighborhood thus far for my bailiwick infant mortality is nearly double the roll of the national infant mortality rate. This is a terrible statistic and an indication of bad health in the Newcastle under Lyme area. Childrens health In 2007 9. % of newborn babies in Newcastle-under-Lyme local anesthetic authority weighed below 2500 grams, and were classified as low birth encumbrance. The average for England was 7. 2%. this is an indicator of bad health in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E nieghbourhood. Childrens weight, 2010 2011 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England Overweight children in reception year % n/a 12. 3 13. 2 Obese children in reception year % n/a 9. 4 9. 4 Overweight children in year 6 % n/a 14. 6 14. 4 Obese children in year 6 % n/a 19. 2 19. 0 There is no measure here for childrens weight in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood so these statistics are based on Newcastle under Lyme. The stats show that there isnt a problem in overweight or obese children in reception year as the percentage is lower than that of the national percentage of overweight children in England and equal to that of obese children in England. However, childrens weight is a problem in Newcastle under Lyme as the percentage of overweight and obese children are both high than the national percentage. Peoples health, April 2001Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England Good % 60. 8 66. 1 68. 8 middling Good % 24. 5 23. 3 22. 2 Not Good % 14. 7 10. 6 9. 0 The people of the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood in terms of genuine health are below the national percentage for good health. The people of the neighborhood in terms of fairly good health are higher(prenominal) than the national percentage for fairly good health The people of the neighborhood in terms of not good health are supra the national percentage for not good health. There re too legion(predicate) people with bad health and too little people with good health indicating bad health in the neighborhood. Long term illness, April 2001 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England People with a limiting long-term illness % 25. 3 20. 8 17. 9 People of working age with a limiting long-term illness % 22. 0 15. 5 13. 3 The percentage of people in neighborhood with a limiting long term illness is above the national percentage and also the percentage of people of a working age with a limiting long term illness is above the national percentage.Carers, April 2001 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England People providing unpaid care % 10. 0 11. 6 9. 9 of which percentage providing over 50 hours per week % 33. 3 20. 4 20. 5 Both of these percentages are higher in the neighborhood than the national percentage and the indorse statistic is much than 50% higher than national percentage. There are more carers in the neighborhood than the national percentage and there are twice as many people providing over 50hours per week. People claiming health-related benefits, August 2010Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England In condenser Benefits % 12 8 7 Carers Allowance % 3 1 1 Disabled % 2 1 1 All 3 of these statistics are higher than the national percentage. Employment based statistics Benefits claimants as percentage of working age population, August 2010 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England Any Key Working Age Benefit % 25 15 15 Jobseekers Allowance % 5 3 4 Incapacity Benefits % 12 8 7 These neighborhood statistics are higher than the national perce ntage.This shows that too many people of a working age are out of work. Occupations of all people in employment, April 2001 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England Managers and senior officials % 6. 1 13. 0 15. 3 Professional occupations % 4. 5 9. 7 11. 2 Associate professional and technical occupations % 8. 1 11. 6 13. 8 Administrative and secretarial occupations % 10. 1 11. 2 13. 4 Skilled trades occupations % 17. 7 14. 1 11. 6 Personal service occupations % 8. 1 7. 0 6. 9 Sales and customer service occupations % 8. 8. 0 7. 7 Process plant and machine operatives % 16. 6 11. 9 8. 4 Elementary occupations % 20. 6 13. 4 11. 8 These statistics show that the majority of people in employment in neighborhood are in Elementary occupations. The next largest occupation group is the skilled trades occupation followed by personal service occupations and sales and customer service occupations. All of these occupations in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E ne ighborhood are above the national percentage for people of that occupation within a neighborhood.On the other hand the rest of the occupations are lower than the national percentage. Not many people in the neighborhood fall into the top 4 occupations which are the more break down occupations. Either indicating the people are not well educated Education based statistics Key Stage 2 assessments pupils achieving Level 4 or above, 2010 2011 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England English % 70 84 81 Maths % n/a 80 80 Reading, writing and maths % 48 69 67 The statistic for maths is not displayed however the other 2 statistics that are shown are below the national percentage which indicates the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood is not so good in key re-create 2 education At Key Stage 4 it is usual for pupils to take GCSEs (General Certificates of Secondary Education) or equivalent qualifications. Pupils achieving 5 or more A*-C grade passes, i ncluding English and Maths, at GCSE or equivalent, 2010 2011 Variable Measure Your neighbourhood Newcastle-under-Lyme England All pupils % 50 61 58 Males % 27 56 55 Females % 67 67 62 In the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood males are significantly below the national average for achieving 5 GCSEs at C or above where as females are above the national average indicating that males are underachieving at key put 4 Findings The above statistics give a clear demographic profile of the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighborhood. The neighborhoods largest age band (35%) of people in the neighborhood is between the age of 25 and 49. The health of the neighborhood is poor and particularly the weight of people is not good as many babies are born underweight and a lot of children are overweight or obese.Also a large percentage of people suffer a long term illness. The neighborhood is not a good place for employment 75% of the people are of a working age and still 25% of these are empl oyed so 302. 25 people out of a possible 1221. 25 are employed. The national percentage for unemployment is 15% and this neighborhood is at 25% unemployed the education achievement of the neighborhood is below the national percentage indicating that the schools are not of a good standard. Theres a link between the poor educational achievement and unemployment.If people dont have qualifications they are less likely to be employed and this is why employment is high Discussion There are many social needs in the Newcastle under Lyme 006E neighbourhood. One particular area of social need that needs addressing for definite is the education sector. In the Newcastle under Lyme area in terms of education, particularly males are underachieving at key stage 4. After carefully assessing the of educational achievement within the neighbourhood it is apparent that this sector is substandard compared to national percentage.At key stage 2, both male and female students are underachieving. Only 70% o f the students are achieving level 4 in English compared to the national average of 81% still 48% of students are achieving a level 4 or above in reading, writing and maths and in key stage 4 only 27% of male students achieved 5 GCSEs grade C or above which, compared to the national percentage of 55% is very poor. With this information at hand I intend to carry out a community project which allow attempt to take steps in order to try to improve this area of social need.John Blanchard explains Reasons for underachievement include disruption to family routine, illness, emotional and psychological difficulties, loss or lack of motivation and direction. (www. teachingexpertise. com accessed online on 05/12/12) The health of the neighbourhood is poor so illness can be seen as a factor which may be causing students to underachieve in education however in this community project, the main focus is on educational achievement.The lack of motivation aspect could be down to the fact that the students do not believe that education is of a benefit to them. The reason students may think this is because to receive a higher education a large amount of money is required to pay tuition fees etc. The nidirect website explains Higher education could boost your career prospects and earning potential, while giving you the chance to train into a subject that really interests you and to get involved in lots of other activities. (www. nidirect. gov. uk/ accessed online on 05/12/12. Higher education is of great benefit to people and many students are missing out on this prospect because they are aware of high university fees and not as aware of the benefits a university education can give to a person. Referring to the demographic profile of the neighbourhood, not many people of working age are in an educated occupancy this may be down to poor education. If the people of the neighbourhood are educated well then they will have access to give and more jobs. This will also decrease the amount of people unemployed.Recommendations and Conclusion The results show a need to improve educational achievement so that people can go on to study in higher education and make their selves more employable. A project to improve educational achievement will be put into place to so that people can get employed The project will involve the 3 surrounding universities Staffordshire university Keele university and MMU Cheshire acting as stakeholders in the project. Also the project will include the higher education funding council for England as a stakeholder. HEFCE distributes public money for higher education to universities and colleges in England, and ensures that this money is used to deliver the greatest benefit to students and the wider public. (www. hefce. ac. uk, accessed online on 07/12/12) working with these dickens organizations the project will be based around school students regularly visiting the universities, around 3 times per year throughout high school. On the se visits the school students will be encouraged, motivated and directed to achieve better GCSE results by giving reasons and benefits for a higher education.This will involve Universities selecting students to promote universities, and express to school students about their experiences at university and the benefits it has given them. The school students will then be aware that the fees are not as much of a birth control device to them as they may have first thought but in fact a minor cost that will benefit them for life. This project will be called Learn to live better as the aim is to get people educated so that they can get employed and live better It is highly recommended that the project is funded by HEFCE to sustain the school links with universities.If the project isnt funded for then the project wont be sustained and unemployment will rise again If education is improved and more students can go on to study in higher education and achieve a degree, these people will have a much better chance of employment and will acquire the knowledge and skills to improve social capital. People having a higher education have a deeper understanding and knowledge of society and from this they become more active e. g. ducated people will get frustrated with problems that arise in the community and because they know how to address these problems and who to talk to about them, problems get dealt with therefore the social capital of the community grows as the people are networking more to better the neighbourhood. The nature of the networks within particular place or grouping is, thus, of fundamental importance when making judgments about communities and the extent to which people can flourish within them. Humans are social animals.Connection and interaction both widen and deepen what we can achieve, and makes possible our individual character. It may even emerge as sharing (www. infed. org accessed 05/12/12) seeing the people of a community networking, flourishing an d becoming communions will indicate whether the social capital of my community has increased. Its important to measure capital because this is how it will be known that the project is actually working Once the community begins to develop and a good social capital is achieved, capacity building can then occur.When the neighbourhood has this capacity to perform functions with people and organizations by itself, this is when the community project can be seen as a success. References locality statistics (census 2011) (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//www. neighbourhood. statistics. gov. uk/dissemination/ John Blanchard (2007) Motivating underachievers techniques and tactics (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//www. teachingexpertise. com/articles/motivating-underachievers-techniques-and-tactics-3002 The benefits of higher education (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//www. idirect. gov. uk/the-benefits-of-higher-education About HEFCE (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http//www. hefc e. ac. uk/about/ Community (2012) (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//www. infed. org/community/community. htm UNDP (2006) Capacity development practice note (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//www. gsdrc. org/go/display&type=Document&id=1870 What is capacity building and why is it needed? (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http//www. councilofnonprofits. rg/capacity-building/what-capacity-building About community development (2012) (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//www. cdf. org. uk/content/about-cdf/about-community-development What is demography (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http//www. suda. su. se/docs/What%20is%20Demography. pdf What is a demographic profile (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http//www. wisegeek. com/what-is-a-demographic-profile. htm Neighbourhoods and regeneration theory, practice, issues (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//www. infed. rg/community/neighbourhoods_and_regeneration. htm Guide to social capital (online) accessed on 05/12/12 http//ww w. ons. gov. uk/ons/guide-method/user-guidance/social-capital-guide/the-social-capital-project/guide-to-social-capital. html Business studies stakeholders (2012) (online) accessed on 07/12/12 http//www. bbc. co. uk/schools/gcsebitesize/ line/environment/stakeholders1. shtml Appendices Capacity is the ability of individuals, institutions and societies to perform functions, solve problems and set and achieve objectives in a sustainable manner (www. sdrc. org, 2006 accessed online on 05/12/12) Capacity building capacity building refers to activities that improve and enhance a nonprofits ability to achieve its mission and sustain itself over time. (www. councilofnonprofits. org, 2012 accessed online on 07/12/12) Community development Community development is a set of values and practices which plays a special role in overcoming poverty and disadvantage, knit stitch society together at the grass roots and deepening democracy (The community development challenge p. 12). (www. cdf. org . k, 2012 accessed online on 05/12/12) Demography Demography is the study of human populations their size, composition and distributio across place and the process through which populations change. (www. suda. su. se, 2012 accessed online on 07/12/12) Demographic profile A demographic profile is a business tool that identifies several characteristics when companies attempt to define a market segment. Common characteristics in the profile include age, sex, income, household size and education (www. wisegeek. com, 2012 accessed online on 07/12/12) Need A working definition of need draws on

Judicial Precedent Essay

The material facts of the bailiwickThe Metropolitan Police received a request from the German authorities for the issuance of a antecedent for Mr.Rottmans extradition, a German business man, who was alleged of committing an offence of conspiracy to defraud in his indigenous country. Bow street magistrates court issued a tentative accommodate apologize beneath s8(1)(b) of the Extradition Act 1989. Mr. Rottman was arrested in the driveway of the house, a few yard from the front door. Soon after his arrest, two German jurisprudences obtained the authorization from the senior patrol officer present to search the house and seized a number of articles which they took to the New Scotland Yard. Mr. Rottman then bought judicial review proceedings against the legality of the last to enter his home and to search for and seize items. Divisional court found in favour of Mr. Rottman, held that the entryand search the house carried out by the German practice of laws had been un lawful an d his rights under Art 8 of the European Convention on Human Right(ECHR) had been violated. The divisional court spurned the decision in R v Governor of pentonville Prison ex p Osman 1990that the bureau of search and seizure after a lawful arrest applied to extradition cases as to a domesticated crime. The old common law consistent to search and seizure had been abolished by PACE when it is given to affect. There is no power either statutory or common law to carry out a search of premises following the arrest made pursuant to the provisional warrant executed under s8(1) under the extradition act.Ratio of the caseA statute does non extinguish a common law rule unless the statute makes this clear by depict provision or by clear implication. The common law power would throw been supplemented by but not replaced by the statutory powers in PACE. Nor was it in breach of article 8 of the ECHR as long as the search and seizure was proportionate to the legitimate purpose of preventin g crime.The House of Lord challenged the issue on general public authority which was certified by Divisional Court that At common law, does a police officer executing a warrant of arrest issued a pursuant to section 8 of the Extradition Act 1989 have power to search for and seize whatsoever goods or documents which he jolly believes to be material enjoin in relation to the extradition crime in respect of which the warrant was issued?Two argument were raised per curiam 1) whether before the enactment of PACE police officer would have had a common law power to search the suspects premises when arresting him for an extradition crime under warrant and 2) whether any such common law power of search had been extinguished by PACE thereafter.It was a well established common law principle that police officer carrying out arrest in or on a persons premises could search and seize any articles which he reasonably believed to be material evidence against him for a purpose of preserving that e vidence until trial. It was further agreed that the powers to search and seize also extended to article presented in the inhabit where the suspect was arrested. The lords upheld Lord Dennings judgment in Ghani v Jones that the common law power extended to entire premises upon which the alleged was arrested. In back up with a wider search power,Lloyd LJ gave the judgment in R v Governor of Pentonville Prison, ex p Osman1990, considered that the power of search and seizure after a lawful arrest applied to extradition cases as well as to a domestic offence.Summary of Lord Huttons argumentLord Hutton gave the leading judgment. He rejected the argument advanced by Rottman that the power had been too widely stated by Lord Denning. He subsequently rejected the submission the existence of statutory power in s7 of 1990 Act implied that there was no common law power in extradition cases. He upheld that the common law power of search and seizure was not extinguished by PACE, supplemented tha t it is well-established principle that a rule of the common law is not extinguished by a statute makes this clear by express provision or by clear implication. A power to seize material evidence is necessary when a suspect was arrested, it was not feed for a search warrant.In terms of the alignment of Article of the ECHR, Lord Huttons opinion was that the common law power of search and seizure did not violate the appellants right under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights. It was in accordance with the law which was all the way stated in Osman that the power had the legitimate aim in a democratic society of preventing crime and was necessary to prevent the disappearance of material evidence after the arrest of suspect. The power was proportionate to that aim because it was subject to the safeguard that it could only be exercised after a warrant of arrest had been issued by a magistrate.Summary of Lord Rodgers reasoningHe was supportive of Lord Huttons opinion that PACE does not extinguish the common law power of search of police officers executing an arrest warrant. Parliament left them deliberately with those common law powers and left arrested persons with the corresponding law safeguards. When the police officers in the case arrested the respondent, they were entitled to exercisethose common law powers and equally, the respondent enjoyed the safeguards afforded by the common law. The research of his house was accordingly lawful.Summary of Lord Nicholls and Lord Hoffmans reasoningThey both gave little reasoning to the ruling. They largely agreed with the judgment from Lord Hutton that a where a police officer entered a house with or without an arrest warrant and arrested a suspect he enjoyed a common law power to search the house and seize any goods that he reasonably believed to be a material evidence.Summary of Lord Hopes reasoningHe dissented the majority of ruling by Lord Hutton and others that the powers which are available to police officer at common law where he is in possession of an arrest warrant. He claimed that the statutory powers under PACE were not available that in the absence of the common law power, it is unlawful that the entry and search of the house violate the respondents right under the Article 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.He also disagreed that the extradition cases could be equated with domestic ones. He expressed that any power which the police might have did not apply to arrests on a provisional warrant for an extradition offence. Extradition required an order of the Home Secretary issued in response to a request by the foreign state. And there was no common law paper of arrest for the purposes of extradition. Also the Extradition Act granted powers of search and seizure in very moderate cases.He claimed that the extradition always requires a request that there is no common law power entitling an officer, for the purposes of extra dition, to make an arrest without a warrant.By the majority of 41, excepts Lord Hope dissenting, the appeal was allowed. The House held that the commissioner of police who had arrested a person in or on his premises, executing a warrant of arrest issued pursuant to s8 of the Extradition Act 1989 had the common law power to search for and seizeany articles which he reasonably believes to be material evidence in relation to the extradition crime.On the whole, this is a strong case as the majority of the judges held the appeal that the power of search to the police is more stringent in extradition cases than domestic cases. This in turn make a clear pictures to the commissioner of police in the region that they knows how and when to apply the rule without any violation to the ECHR.

Reverend Hale Essay

In Arthur Millers, The Crucible, when characters argon faced with adversity, they are guided to show their original morals and beliefs. The character of Reverend well fights a battle between what ideasl have been engraved in his mind by books and society, and what he feels in his understanding is truly right. In the end his soul prevails and finds him completely changed. Because he is a character with such higher(prenominal) moral standards regarding everything he does, he sees the flaws and falsities of the magnetize trials and changes from naively believing completely in witchcraft, to losing exclusively trust in the religion of Salem and deciding that earthly life is superlative and worth lying for.At first, Reverend compels character is concrete in his beliefs on witchcraft and is sure of his business to carry out the will of God. He has dedicated his all life to the Puritan religion and acquisition about witches and witchcraft. In this call to Salem he sees his first opportunity to put his k instantaneouslyledge and committedness to work. When introducing him, Miller describes thrust as, a tight skinned, eager-eyed intellectual. This is a beloved errand for him on be called here to disclose witchcraft he has felt the pride of the specialist whose unique knowledge has at last been in public called for (32). Hale enters in a flurry of activity, carrying large books and projecting an air of great knowledge.He becomes the force behind the trials, passionately searching out the evil among the plenty in Salem, and putting all his efforts into save them. What is more(prenominal) signifi seatt about Hales character in this early part is not his actions, but motives. His motives are always for the good of the slew and what is right to God. This goodness is what leads to his transformation because it helps him to see the true good and evil when others are blinded by their pride or ulterior motives.As more and more people are convicted, Hale begi ns to doubt himself. His inner conflict builds with every person incriminate and convicted, because he senses the innocence of these people. He has trouble believing that characters such as Rebecca Nurse and Elizabeth Proctor could possibly be involved in witchcraft. His doubts are assured and solidified when hewitnesses John Proctor accusive Abigail and the other girls of lying. Speaking to Danforth about his doubts on the accusations, he says, I dare not take a life without there be a proof so immaculate no slightest qualm of scruples may doubt it (99). And then when talking about having to convict Rebecca Nurse, he says, Ill not hold in it, may hand shakes yet as with a wound (100).These two quotes show how Hales character shows increasing doubt on just aboutthing which he at first very adamantly believed. He senses more and more the falsity of the girls testimonies, and when John Proctor testifies, Hale realizes that he can no longer deny his suspicions. It becomes obvious where the uprightness lies, but out of all the officials of the court, that Hale is able to denounce his past beliefs and let go of his pride.Although Hale succeeds in finding the truth and save himself, he is helpless to take action against the court. This makes Hale lose all faith in the law. He dismisses himself of his position in the court, and when he cannot expose the proceeding as a sham, he finds himself begging those charge to proclaim to the crime and therefore save their lives. Hale goes from organism a tight-skinned, eager eyed individual, to being depleted by his failures and the deaths that he is in some ways partly responsible for. Although he comes to a state of despair, Hale does not give up in helping the people which he at a time convicted. Because this play is a tragedy, Hale fails in saving the lives of the heroes, but Hales change is large because it shows how in some cases goodness will prevail.In his transformation, Hale becomes a character that is g ood, but not quite as strong as the heroes in the play who choose to die rather than lie. Although Hale recognizes the evils of the witchcraft trials, his response is not defiance but surrender. Because he cannot stand to see these good people die because of the pride and vengeance of others, he gives to injustice and insists that survival is the highest good. When Hale comes to try to get the accuse to confess, he states, I come to do the devils work. I come to counsel Christians they should belie themselves . . . can you not see the blood on my head (131). He states with a little sarcasm that he is now tocommit a sin by getting these people to lie, yet is still doing it for the good because the witch trials have all completely been a lie.Hale has lived his whole life following the book and being a true Christian, but because he becomes so discouraged from the witchcraft trials, he finds himself wanting only for these people to live, no matter if it is a mortal sin. He also says th at, God damns a liar less than he that throws his life away for pride(131). Although the people who decide to die rather than confess are doing it for reason other than pride, Hale comes to believe that nothing, good or bad, which has come from the trials is worth dying(p) for. In his transformation, he comes to believe that earthly life is a greater gift that eternal life.Hale is a remarkable character. For any person to have the strength to give up something they have believed their whole life takes courage, as well as having to give up all of your pride. With Hale doing this, he becomes broken and gives in to surrender and injustice in order to save lives. Hale is completely transformed by the trials, and the only substantial part of Hale that does not change is his desire to do good what does changes is how he vies what good may be. Because he believed so vehemently in what he was doing before, once he opens to the truth he loses all faith in things he believed before, such as the law and in some ways religion.Because of Hales innocent character, he cannot stand to see other innocent people die because of a lie, and decides that it is most important that they save their lives. Hales character goes through all these transformations because of his motives in his life. Because he is motivated by doing what is right and fair, he is able to see the falsity in the trials and become dedicated to saving the lives of those who were innocent.

Art for Heart’s Sake

The text under considerateness isArt for hearts Sake written by an Ameri cannister sculptor, cartoonist and writer, Reuben Lucius Goldberg . He worked a lot as a cartoonist and well-nigh of his cartoons became highly popular, among his best works are Is t here(predicate) Doctor in the house? (1929), Rede Goldbergs reach to Europe(1954) and I Made my Bed (1960) . The story is about an old sick man, about Mr. Ellsworth. He is rattling capricious and everybody are tired of his behavior. Once his doctor decides to employ a young promising artist who will teach him painting. Mr.Ellsworth is bad in painting but one of his picture is accepted for the Lathrop gift and awarded 1000$. And finally this old man says that Art is nothing and he has bought the gallery where he won much(prenominal) lucre. According to the change of the number of participants the text can be dievided in to 4 split The first is Pineapple juice for Mr. Ellsworth. When the male nurse Koppel persuades pineapple j uice to Mr. Ellsworth, but he refuses to fuddle it. The second Proposition for Mr. Ellsworth from his doctor. In this part doctor Caswell comes to see Mr.Ellsworth and made him proposition to direct up art. The third Art lessons for Mr. Ellsworth from young and promising artist This part about teaching Mr. Ellsworth picture by Frank comrade- eighteen years old promising student. The fourth First Landscape prize for Mr. Ellsworth When the Lathrop Gallery prized 1,000$ Mr. Ellsworth for his masterpiece Trees Dressed in White The atmosphere of the text is ironical and sometimes it is humorous. For guinea pig when doctor Caswell said with supreme effort Congratulations, Mister Ellsworth. Here we see how Caswell tells it without sincerity.Author shows that everything is a joke or a play for Mr. Ellsworth and also he shows , that funds can do everything and he makes fun of it if you have money you can do and get everything you want, for example prize of the Lathrop Gallery, maybe he neednt money he just wants to proof that he is God . Mr. Ellsworth doesnt respect others, he spits on someones opinions. Finally Mr. Ellsworth is prized with 1000$ by the gallery because he bought it. According to the narrative technique of the text. It is narration intercepted with dialogue and description.We can see here a chain of actions and some dialogues during the text, and also in that respect is describing Mr. Ellsworth and some things much(prenominal) as bowl of fruit. public speaking about vocabulary level we can see high level vocabulary. Everybody and Mr. Ellsworth is well-educated and very smart. Everybody take to task to Mr. Ellsworth very respectively, but Mr. Ellsworth doesnt respect them and he uses a lot of colloquial words and slang such as Nope, Rot, by gum. It shows us that old man spit on everything. Speaking about the sentence structure we can see here many long compound sentences, respective addresses to Mr.Ellswoth with word Sir (Not bad, sir Yes, sir ) it means that everyone panicked of Mr. Ellswoth and it means they have respect for him. And also there are some short answers from him. For example drivel Nope By gum. All of this shows us the degree of education of every participant but it doesnt mean that Mr. Ellswoth is not well educated he just doesnt care about anything. Speaking about stylistic devices we can see here gradation shows that his behavior is awful for example He wont take his pineapple juice. He doesnt want me to read to him.He doesnt like anything From these phrases we see that the old man is very capricious, he drinks when he wants, he listens what he wants. He has much money and he thinks that everybody obliged to him. There is also a illustration such as god-awful smudge which shows us that he is layman in art. And also Mr. Ellswoth uses such metonymy as an old pineapple juice it shows us disrespect and attitude to his nurse. There are some repetitions showing doctor Caswells astonishment Fine, fine See , see . We can see here 3 main characters.Doctor Caswell is well educated person he knows what he do and he is smart. Young Frank Swain he is a promising student but doesnt have long-live experience, but hi is smart too. And of range Mr. Ellswoth he is educated person but he doesnt show it. He is old man he has money and he thinks that he is above everybody, that is why he doesnt respect others. This text was interesting for me there are many rich and fool people in the world such as Mr. Ellsworth and the informant showed us his life and made fun of such behavior, it is funny and interesting.Livin (Spanish) ? , ? ? ? ? , ojitos ? , , Sh?s livin , Y , Sh?s livin ? ? city ? ? besabe ? , ? ? ojitos ? , Sh?s livin , ? , ,

Practice Midterm Exam (Statistics)

AMS572. 01 Practice Midterm Exam Fall, 2007 Instructions This is a close book trial run. Anyone who cheats in the exam shall receive a grade of F. satisfy provide complete solutions for full credit. Good luck 1 (for all students in class). In a study of hypnotic suggestion, 5 male volunteers participated in a two-phase experimental session. In the first phase, respiration was measured while the subject was awake and at rest.In the second phase, the subject was told to imagine that he was performing muscular work, and respiration was measured again. Hypnosis was induced amidst the first and second phases thus, the suggestion to imagine muscular work was hypnotic suggestion for these subjects. The accompanying put over shows the measurements of total ventilation (liters of air per minute per squ atomic number 18 meter of body area) for all 5 subjects. observational Group Subject Rest Work 1 6 6 2 7 9 3 8 9 4 7 10 5 6 7 (1) drug abuse suitable test to investigate whether th ere is any difference between the two experimental phases in terms of total ventilation.Please state the assumption(s) of the test and report the p-value. At the significance level of 0. 05, what is your close? (2) Please write up the entire SAS program necessary to answer questions raised in (a). Please include the data step as well as tests for testing for various assumptions. Solution (1) wear upon that the difference picis normal. pic and pic The hypotheses are pic v. s pic. The test statistic is pic Since pic and pic, we can not reject pic at pic. pic (2) The SAS code is as follows data hypnosis input subject rest work iff=work-rest datalines 1 6 6 2 7 9 3 8 9 4 7 10 5 6 7 run proc univariate data=hypnosis normal var diff run 2 (for all students in class). John Pauzke, chairwoman of Cereals Unlimited, Inc. , wants to be very certain that the mean value weight ? of packages satisfies the package label weight of 16 ounces. The packages are filled by a machine that is set to f ill each package to a specify weight. However, the machine has haphazard variability measured by ? 2. John would like to have strong cause that the mean package weight is above 16 ounces.George Williams, quality control manager, advises him to examine a random sample of 25 packages of cereal. From his past experience, George knew that the weight of the cereal packages follows a normal distribution with standard aberrancy 0. 4 ounce. At the significance level ? =. 05, (1) What is the decision rule (rejection region) in terms of the sample mean pic? Please derive the general formulation using the concept of Type I error rate. (2) What is the exponent of the test when ? =16. 2 ounces? Please derive the general formula for power calculation first. 3) What is the sample sizing necessary to ensure a power of 80% when ? =16. 2 ounces? Please derive the general formula for sample size calculation based on the Type I and II error pass judgment first. Solution (1) pic pic. pic. pic. pi c Hence, the rejection region is pic. (2) pic pic (3) pic picpic. pic Hence, about 25 packages of cereal should be sampled to achieve a power of 80% when (=16. 2 ounces. 3a (for all except AMS PhD students). Inference on one cosmos mean when the creation is normal, and the population variance is known.Let pic, be a random sample from the given normal population. Please take the stand that 1) pic. 2) pic. Solution (1) pic Thus, pic (2) pic Thus, pic 3b (for AMS PhD students ONLY). For a random sample from any population for which the mean and variance exist. Please put forward that 1) The sample mean and sample variance are unbiased estimators of the population mean and variance respectively. 2) When the population is normal, we have learned that the sample mean and the sample variance, are indeed, independent.Please prove this for n = 2. That is, for a random sample of size 2 only. Solution (1) pic pic (2) When n=2, pic, pic If we can show that pic and pic are independent, past picand picare independent. This can be done easily using the mgf technique pic 4 (extra credit for all). An expert knowledge in a paternity suit testifies that the length (in days) of pregnancy (that is, the time from impregnation to the delivery of the child) is rough normally distributed with parameter pic and pic.The defendant in the suit is able to prove that he was out of the dry land during a period that began 290 days before the birth of the child and ended 240 days before the birth. If the defendant was, in fact, the father of the child, what is the probability that the mother could have had the very long or very rook pregnancy indicated by the testimony? Solutionlet picpic and picpic pic(the woman had a very long or very short pregnancy) pic pic Happy Halloween

Management in Libraries Essay

Economic nemesis to the libraries by escalation of books and journals, fewer resources, constant growth changes in technology and manipulationr high expectation pick up shown that forethought is the critical factor that determines expertness and efficientness of all types of libraries. Thus coachs are expected to bunco incompatible functions in order to be effective and efficient. In this assignment different functions and roles played by private instructors in different libraries are discussed showing how they cleanse aptitude and effectiveness and different laws of subroutine program library management are discussed.DEFINITION OF TERMS Management Effectiveness defined by Bateman, T is doing things right. This nub that the carriage has the responsibility for selecting the right goals and appropriate means to achieving it. Efficiency is measuring the cost of attaining a addicted goal, concerned virtually how resources such as money, time, equipment, personnel obtain abandoned goals. Thus a director needs to be effective and efficient in order to achieve the goals of the library.MAIN DISCUSSION subroutine library management comprise more than just making changes, it involves managing ongoing operations in the optimal hammer for your institution in the context of its goals, opposite departments activities and patrons needs. Thus we realize that different libraries may require theater directorial different managing directorial skills in order to perform their duties effectively. Managers help in give bursting charge to the library showing where it is going. Library management involves planning, organizing, leading and controlling. Planning is about systematical making decisions about the library goals.In planning the manager defines the objectives the objectives of the library, stating the purpose of its existence, defining the user confederacy and their schooling needs. This is chief(prenominal) as it facilitates efficiency. It helps in understanding the library stakeholders. A public library is an omnibus organization. It carters for everyone in the community thusly the need for every user moldiness be known and matched. A public library serves a diverse community of adults, children and teens thus a manager has to plan on resources to be acquired.A manager stack plan on different resources that can be acquired ranging from entertainment, fiction, nonfiction for general research, children theme books because on that point are no limited users, the resources must benefit everyone in the society. A manager in addition organize and coordinate human, financial , physical, informational and other resources essential to achieve library goals. The manager run agroundes the activity liberty relationship of the library. The activities necessary to achieve the objectives are consequently grouped into working divisions, departments and grouped together.In an schoolman library a manager can group together acti vities like accession and cataloguing The manager has to establish standards for performance this impart make sure that the library is performing in such a focus as to arrive at its destination. According to Griffin controlling helps to ensure effective and efficiency needed for successful management As a leader the manager is trusty for rounding which is concerned with allocating prospective employees to fulfill the jobs created by organizing process.It involves the process of reviewing the credentials of the candidates of the jobs and trying to match the job demand with the application s abilities holding each employee qualified. It similarly involves the development and implementation of a system for appraising performance and providing feedback for performance improvement. In a peculiar(a) library where the main target is a specific audience, for example ZIMRA library its serves the ZIMRA staff and mainly the manager arrive to recruit someone who posses research skills because mainly it deals with research for its comp some(prenominal).The manager is responsible for choosing the right candidate, who knows how to research, even on the internet where there is information overload the candidate must be able to extract relevant information using the right search engine, mainly in a special library every one depend on the information provided by the librarian. The manager is also responsible for keeping the librarian qualified for the job by providing ongoing training since the librarianship profession is kinetic thus this will improve effectiveness and efficiency of libraries.A manager also gives s direction that will help the library in achieving its goals. Directing builds a climate, provides leadership and arranges the opportunity for motivation this is set ahead explained by Rachels laws of library management, it says save time of your staff. This means that the staff must be given support they need for them to achieve goals effectively and expe ditiously this include providing training for them where it is needed. Each boss must plan and oversee the wok of each of his or her subordinates.In an academic library there are different avails offered for example cataloguing and accession section can be directed by one manager then the E- resource section can be under another manager e- journals purchased, subscriptions etc. This will ease the load as one manager is focusing on a specific service thus he spend more time trying to improve the services and working with his subordinates and improves efficiency in the library. As a manager attempts to perform the managerial job effectively and efficiently there is a need to wear different hats in interaction with employees.Managers interacts with others besides subordinates they work with other mate level managers in some other departments and outside contacts (suppliers and clients). Thus a manager is building contacts finished which to gather information. Rachel agrees with this in the laws of management which says library resources are for use. A library manager is expected to subsume resources with the user achieving the library goals. Through the liaison role a manager is able to network with other libraries.Academic libraries can practice resource sharing if there are shortages of material in specific departments the two libraries can share the available resources to both libraries and this will give the patrons a wide transmutation of information thus fulfilling their needs, this will improve efficiency. The manager is exposed to new likings or methods that may improve the work unit operations. The manager initiates activities that will allow and encourage the work unit to use the idea most advantageously. Rachels law of management says that a library is a growing organism.A manager needs to open to change and help the library evolve to meet the needs of patrons. We can tone at public library, the introduction of automation the staff may resist ch ange having fear of losing their jobs thus a manager is responsible for encouraging and motivating the staff showing them the advantages of automating the library services and how it can reduce their workload, providing training for them thus the duties are performed effectively and efficiently satisfying the needs of different patrons.An effective manager is an active leader who creates a positive work environment in which the organization and its employees have the opportunity and incentive to achieve high performance (.. ) In order to perform duties effectively and efficiently Rachel says that every task its doer. The manager encourages ownership and responsibility to each staff member. Every staff member his/ her work, the manager must know peoples skills and strength and staff can then be deployed according to their abilities then the duties can be done perfectly improving effectiveness and efficiency in a library.Even though the staff is divided according to their abilities it is the duty of a manager to create a spirit oneness and togetherness amongst the subordinates. They should work as a team to achieve the library goals Bavakuty M (2000) agrees that libraries can become effective and efficient by strong top management support, a system approach and strategic planning, a customer focus, an emphasis on employee team work, empowerment training, the use of measurement and analysis technique and commitment to continuous improvement.The manager seeks and receives wide variety of special information to develop through the understanding of the library and the environment, emerges as the nerve centre about the library. The manager monitors internal and external events, ideas, trends and analysis. The manager then uses the information to detect changes, problems and opportunities and to construct decision making scenario. The manager as the disseminator transmits information from other employees to other members of the library.The manager can bring external i nformation received into the organization and facilitate internal flow of information. Thus we realize that management is the heart of any type of library and facilitate efficiency and effectiveness. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bavakutty, M (2000). Management of libraries In the 21st Century. Ess Ess Publication. India. Griffin, R. (1987). Management second editition. Maffin Co Mohant, T. C. (2008). Research Methodology in Library Science. alpha Publishers India. Plunket, R. (1983). Introduction to Management. Kent Publication. United States of Amenrica.

Disappearance of its Soviet

In less than both(prenominal) decades, Beijing has taken advantage of the disappearance of its Soviet neighbor to launch its program of development of the gigantic West and open up Gaining to b ordinance actions, while the states of underlying Asia, seeking new partners, have want to benefit from mainland Chinas dynamism by integrating themselves into the Asia-Pacific zone of prosperity.While the Chinese authorities may make a point of honor in establishing cordial dealings with the five states of the region, Astrakhan alliance with China is termed strategic, confirming sales booth as a major political ally of Beijing in a post-Soviet climate in which the Khaki government is displaying balanced and diversified policies in the face of Moscow heavy- handed presence. This privileged China-Astrakhan partnership is found on a alliterated stinting reality. These days, China-Astrakhan flip-flop represents much than two-thirds ( most 70 share) of all China-Central Asia wiliness.U nlike the other historical power in the region, Islam Karamazov Uzbekistan, Astrakhan, under the leadership of Pre placent Nursling Nazarene since 1989, has undertaken important economic liberalizing reforms that, despite their limitations, are now succeeding in attracting international investment. Astrakhan has thus become the support richest country in the post-Soviet space with a GAP estimated at $9,400 per capita in 2006, it sits Just behind Russia (with approximately $12,000) but ahead of the other Central Asian countries ( mingled with $8,500 and $1,300).In 15 years, it has succeeded in dramatically halving the portion of its existence living down the stairs the poverty line (now less than 25 percent), whereas in the other four states of the region, more than half of the population is still considered poor. In addition, the country has seen the emergence of a middle frame, a guarantee of longer-term stability. The exponential branch in economic relations with China since the beginning of the sass has not once been challenged.Astrakhan notwithstanding overt a consulate in Hong Kong in 2003 and one in Shanghai in 2005 to facilitate contact. Nevertheless, economic relations betwixt the two countries reveal multiple unst suitablenesss that are increasingly raising questions within Astrakhans political class and among local experts. While the official Chinese position extols the complementarily of the two economies and the mutual benefit of wiliness, this optimistic captivate is largely disputed on the ground. Khaki concerns over possible Chinese domination are found not only on economic arguments .They need o be situated in a social context in which fear of China sticks very real the general drop of experience about China, and fear of too great a difference in demographic power, skill well be important factors influencing Khaki reactions to Chinas growing presence. With the increasing integration with the global world, Chinese heap alon g with world swop as a whole is dominated by trade between major trading blocs, such(prenominal) as East Asia, the North Ameri outhouse Free concern nation (NONFAT) and the European Union (ELI) each of which includes economically advanced market economies.Of these partners Chinese trade with the EX. has increased significantly in importance . In 2008, the EX. imported IIS$378 trillion of commodities from China (IIS$ 293. 1 million reported by China), making China the largest supplier of EX. merchandise imports. These imports included merchandise from EX. companies that had relocated parts of their global output signal systems in China. The SEIZE tradeationed IIS$ 113 billion of goods to China (IIS$ 132. 8 billion reported by China) making the EX. Chinas second largest showtime of imports (after Japan).The result was a IIS$ 265 billion trade deficit for the SEIZE. This deficit is a major source of contention between these two major riding partner. The perish 20 years of chin a thrift has been dramatic. World trades from China are growing dramatically to industrial country markets . This process could continue for close to time because of huge youth population. However, by just about indicators, Chinas experience is less dramatic than that of Japan and Korea during their flow rate of industrialization and integration with the global economy.Generally speaking trade between developed and underdeveloped economies involves a steep division of labor in which developed economies produce high value-added goods and work and exchange them for low value-added goods and services from economically less-developed countries. When China embarked on a path of export-led ontogeny, it fitly additionalized in sectors producing relatively simple, labour-intensive and mass-produced goods and services.To maintain incarnateable economic growth, Chinas ambition is however to upgrade its industrial social system abject into more advanced sectors and functional ro les including in its trade with economically advanced countries . The Chinese-Astrakhan regional economic cooperation, agree to national interests of the Republic of Astrakhan, has good conditions for institutional semantics. Astrakhan is rich with oil the proved stocks of oil of 24 billion tons on a land, and stocks of continental seas of 70 million tons.Astrakhan though has a stable and guard outlet to the sea and access to the international markets according to national interests practically it cant provide. To construction Chinese-Astrakhan the oil product line and the gas pipeline, practically export by Astrakhan of crude oil, gas and oil products depended on Russia. The Chinese-Astrakhan regional economic cooperation promotes distribution of Astrakhan social organizations of radioactivity and optimization of distribution of available resources . 1. 2 Astrakhan Trade Research Status Astrakhan for 21 years was deeply integrated into world economy, actively involved in global ization process.Now the republic does commerce practically all countries of the world. His trade partners are 212 states and territories on all continents. The volume of the foreign trade good over bend dexter for 1994-2010 grew from bal. Dollars to 90,1 billion. The highest volumes in 109,1 bal. Dollars were separate outed in 2008. In the history of the foreign trade relations of the country confirmatory lance in 39,8 bal. Dollars, received for January Seep. 2011, it is reached for the send-off time. It is expected that following the results of 2011 the volume of external commodity turnover go out be the highest in the history of the country and lead make about 115 bal. Lars. It should be noted that excess of export over import remains same as 1995 so far. In foreign trade of Astrakhan for years of Independence there were changes. Character and the maintenance of the external economic relations led to shifts in a geographical orientation of commodity streams . Two groups of partners were rated. With one steady growth is observed, with others recession was outlined. So, for 1995-2011 in a foreign trade turnover of the country the share of Europe grew from 26% to 31,6%, Asia from to 24%, including China from 4% to 21%, America from 1% to 5, Africa from to 0,22.Growth of deliveries of fuel and energy resources, mineral dim materials to these regions and growing volumes of purchases of the latest cars and the equipment from the developed countries became defining. From Africa, especially from Kenya, import of tea, Ghana cocoa increased, Tunisia and Egypt got wheat, Morocco sulfur. In export structure the greatest share is the share of EX. countries (48,5%), despite its decrease in comparison with 2010 for 3%. The main products of export are energy carriers and oil.The share of export to the Countries in a inwardness occur of export for the last year decreased from 9,4% to 8,6%. Export to China, other countries of the world and other CICS countries for the last year, on the contrary, increased, having made 18,5%, 18,5% and 5,9% respectively. geographics of Astrakhans exports In structure of import of ARK the greatest share is the share of the Customs union countries 445% or 16,9 billion USED. This indicator is times more, than import volumes from EX. countries, it is 3,4 times more than a volume of import from China and in 5,7 times more import volume from other CICS countries.The share of deliveries from China, the countries of the Customs union and other CICS countries grows in import of ARK whereas from the others the direction decreases. As a whole volumes of export and ARK import in mutual trade increase, however it is difficult to give an unambiguous assessment of influence of the Customs Union on foreign trade of Astrakhan as process of administrative settlement of functioning of he Customs Union, harmonistic and unification of dissimilar procedures at implementation still proceeds mutual trade between participant countr ies.Further the analysis of structure of export and import in a section of raw and processed production give be carried out, and excessively specification of processed production on intermediate, consumer and means of production is presented. Export of the processed goods of ARK grows, having outstripped in 2011 volumes of 2008 for 10,6% or for 2,1 billion USED. At the same time, the specific weight of the processed export decreases. It is connected by that cost the volume of raw export rows quicker in connection with a rise in monetary values for energy resources.In 2011 the ratio of processed and raw production in import made 89% and 11% respectively, and the gain of import of processed production (24,4%) is more, than the gain raw that can promote a disputation aggravation between foreign and domestic producers who and so are in rather vulnerable line . Export grew so quickly mainly thanks to increase in physical volumes of deliveries and prices of oil, oil products, inborn gas and radioactive elements uranium. The main buyers of these goods are EX. and China therefore their shares in the total amount of export increased.Volumes of export of other important export goods (ferrous and non-ferrous metals, including gold, and also grain and wheat flour) too increased, but in less than export of energy carriers that led to decrease in a share of these goods in a total amount of export in 2010 in comparison with 2000. It also led to decrease in shares of Russia and Switzerland which are large import-shooting galleries of metals from Astrakhan. During 2000-2010 Astrakhan practically stopped supply of oil and oil products to offshore zones (The Bermuda and British thoroughgoing(a) Islands).Astrakhan exports very few other goods besides energy resources, metals and grain the share of such goods in the total amount of export decreased from 14% in 2000 to 6% in 2010 if to measure in arbitrary expression in the prices and at an exchange rate of 2010, this export decreased by 21%. 1. 3 China and Astrakhan on trade Development For Astrakhan, the future of economic relations with China is bilateral. The China-Astrakhan relationship will be strengthened even further by accession to the World Trade Organization (WTFO), which will enable Chinese companies to invest more in the Khaki market.Economic relations are also developing to a certain degree in a multilateral context through the Shanghai Cooperation (SOC), even if Chinas presence by way of the SOC is considerably greater in Gyrations and Atkinson. Thus, the $900 million of credit proposed by in 2004 and implemented from 2006 onwards -was destined primarily for the regions poorest states, not for Astrakhan. Nevertheless, the Organization has instigated projects involving all the Central Asian states, such as the Caspian Sea-China highway that starts in Russia and crosses Astrakhan, rail connections, and the construction of hydroelectric power stations.However, despite the measures adopted by the SOC Business Council to strengthen linkages between the Central Asian states, government-to-government disagreements often delay their implementation. Several Khaki specialists also complain of the Cos inability to promote its economic strategies in business circles some of its decisions are said to remain declarations of intent due to a lack of information among business leaders.. It is difficult to obtain a specific assessment of China-Astrakhan trade figures.The official statistics consider a little extent of cross-border trade, and cannot measure he amount of illegal trade, particularly in metals, or contraband, such as acetic anhydride, the chemical required to turn opium into heroin. Some local specialists point out significant differences between the Chinese and Khaki statistics. Thus, when Astrakhan claimed $550 million of trade with China in 1999, Beijing was already confirming more than $1 billion. In 2005, the variableness grew wider Astrakhan, according to foot , apparently achieved imports from China with a total value of $1. Billion, compared to almost $4 billion according to Beijing, and Stand reported exports to China worth nearly $2. Billion, exceeding the Chinese figures by more than $500 million. The discrepancy can be attributed partly to political reasons Stand seeks to overvalue its exports and undervalue Chinese imports in order to reduce a trade balance skewed too greatly in Chinas favor. In 2006, Astrakhans trade deficit in relation to its neighbor was at least $1. 14 billion, 15 percent more than in 2005.On the other hand, the discrepancy can be explained by differences in accounting Khaki businessmen have every reason to undervalue their trade flows in order to avoid taxes, unlike their Chinese counterparts, who receive tax concessions on exports. Chinas progress is so great that Beijing will soon sweep over up to Astrakhans main trade partner, Russia. In 1992, China-Central Asia trade, two-thirds of which is China-Astrakha n trade, was barely $422 million, reaching $512 million in 1993. It plummeted in 1994 as a result of stricter visa processes, then rapidly climbed again, reaching $699 million 1997.It experienced a decrease ($588 million) again as a result of the Russian economic crisis of the summer of 1998, which similarly affected Central Asia, then began to grow at a rate that seems unstoppable now. Trade passed $1 billion in 2000 before rising tenfold to more than $10 billion in 2006. The volume of trade tripled between 2002 and 2005, but continued to largely favor Chinese exports, which represented two thirds compared to Central Saiss one third. Thus, in 2006, China represented 15. 5 percent of Astrakhans foreign trade (almost $9 billion), nearing Russians 18. Percent (almost $11 billion). Chinas Trade Ministry quoted a figure of $10. 8 billion, which would put Moscow and Beijing on an equal footing, while Vladimir prevailing and Aliases Strokes add another $2 billion or more in illegal read, which would give China trade supremacy over Russia. According to Khaki experts, the bilateral trade figure is expected to reach $15 billion in 2008. The imbalance of power between China and Astrakhan remains glaringly obvious. In 2006, Astrakhan represented only 0. 49 percent of Chinas foreign trade (the whole of Central Asia representing 0. 60 percent).This imbalance is shifting to foreign investment in 2005, China injected $1. 2 billion into the Khaki economy (82 percent in the hydrocarbon sector and 14 percent in the construction sector), whereas Astrakhan invested only $7. Million in China. The Chinese and Khaki economies are, however, proving to be complementary to a large degree. More than 80 percent of Chinas exports to Astrakhan are faultless consumer items (textiles, shoes, appliances, toys, electronics, spare parts, pharmaceutical products, foodstuffs), while 85 percent of Astrakhans exports to China consist of raw materials (petroleum, ferrous and non-ferrous metals).In some sectors such as aluminum, the unidirectional nature of trade flows is impressive more than 95 percent of Astrakhan. 1. 4 Research Purpose and Science Contribution . 4. 1 Purpose This thesis aims to bring some shutdown like how the Bilateral relations between the countries have proved to be mutually beneficial to both for strategic reasons. The two economies are highly complementary. This thesis has tried to figure out how China can help Astrakhan in many areas since it has a lot of experience in how to develop.And to successfully overcome the nix aftermath of the global financial crisis, also managed to significantly increase the volume of trade and economic cooperation. At the same time the thesis has tried to figure out the active aspects and threat that has arisen in Astrakhan side because of heavily depended on consuming Chinese products and not developing the self-sustainable producing and manufacturing culture. 1. 4. 2 Science contribution With these interrogation que stions in mind, the purpose of this dissertation is to investigate how China and Astrakhan will make a business in the future.Keywords export, import, GAP, Trade, development, bilateral relation. 2 Content and methodology 2. 1 Main content In the inquiry we will analyze the main problems in Trade between China and Astrakhan and how to solve it. Despite stability of trade and economic, more detailed analysis of the Astrakhan-Chinese cooperation revealed a number of the main problems in system of the bilateral economic relations. First, prevalence of a raw orientation in structure of commodity turnover of Astrakhan with China.The analysis of export-import streams shows that about 98% of the Astrakhan export to China are made by strategically important raw materials. The special attention in March, 2008 in Beijing a business forum Astrakhan -? China was paid to sermon of this problem partnership for success. In speech of the Prime minister of Astrakhan Karri Misaims it was noted that the structure of the Astrakhan export to the Peoples Republic of China keeps a pronounced raft orientation .The main articles of the Astrakhan export to China -? goods of survey group hire of ferrous and non-ferrous metals, scrap metal, oil, and also raw leather, cotton raw, wool. Astrakhan imports from China finished goods, first of all, goods of routinely demand, mechanisms, electric equipment, production of transport mechanical engineering, etc. And the Chinese import to Astrakhan is hardhearted in most cases by goods of not high quality which competes with domestic producer owing to the low price and quantity.During the research we will prove or disprove all our assumption. The thesis will be shared into three parts 1) The remainder of part I contains a review of the relevant literature, an introduction to the theories use to answer the research questions and a detailed description of the method. These sections focus on the research area and research arise, providing an overa ll context for the thesis. 2) Part II includes the main analysis of the research subject. ) Part Ill contains a conclusion and recommendations. It summarizes the key findings from the dissertation.It also includes a further scenarios and suggestions for future. 2. 2 Methodology and data The researcher approaches the end subjectively based on their prior accord of the object. Therefore the authors have chosen the descriptive approach. The descriptive approach does not mean that the authors will find an absolute truth, but rather form an understanding of the investigated subject. This study does not aim to measure the exact phenomena in contrast we aim to receive a greater understanding of bilateral trade.Since the purpose of this paper was not to find any absolute truths, this approach will give us more freedom to interpret the information we have collected based on the frames of references. We have chosen a soft approach in order to be able to collect detailed information from th e secondary data regarding the topic. This is of great importance in order to sustain answer to our purpose. This will lead to a greater understanding for their choices regarding our questions and enables us to discuss among those.According to Holmes and Solving (1997) a qualitative approach will help the authors to research the problem more closely and also provides opportunities to warrant validity and reliability of the study . The authors need to interpret and understand the usage of how the area of interest work and how it can be used. It is an advantage if those who will implemental research of qualitative approach have knowledge about the area (Patella & Davidson 2003). According to Barman and Bell (2007), there are researchers who are critical to the qualitative approach due to subjectivity. However, we have tried to be as objective as possible in our study .